Novel orbit-attitude combination mode for solar power satellites to reduce mass and fuel

Solar power satellite receives great attention because it can release the energy crisis and environmental problems in the future. However, the launch and maintenance costs are tremendous due to the large system mass and large fuel consumption to counteract space perturbations. To reduce mass and fuel, a novel quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit is proposed. The Sun-frozen orbit has a nonzero eccentricity vector that always points towards the Sun. The quasi-Sun-pointing attitude is a periodic solution of the Sun-pointing attitude angle. Although about 3 % electricity must be given up because of the variation of Sun-pointing attitude angle, little control action is required to deal with the solar radiation pressure and gravity-gradient torque. The algorithm to obtain initial conditions is proposed. The influences of system parameters and structural flexibilities are studied. Simulation results reveal that the quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit dramatically reduce fuel consumption, the dry mass, and complexity of the control system. In addition, structural vibration is hardly induced by the gravity-gradient torque. Thus, the bending stiffness as well as the mass of the supporting structure can be reduced.     

航空发动机热电偶传感器稳态测温偏差分析

为了满足航空发动机上高温、高压、高来流马赫数的恶劣工作环境下的使用需求，对某型航空发动机上选用的低压涡轮后热电偶传感器开展热风洞校准试验及测温准确性分析,明确热电偶传感器测温偏差的影响因素，并通过一种基于表面传热系数推导公式的测温偏差修正方法对校准结果进行计算验证，结果表明，计算方法合理可行，计算结果与测量结果一致性良好，在全部试验点偏差量均小于0.6%。针对现有校准设备无法完全模拟航空发动机真实工况的问题，对校准结果进行修正计算，修正计算结果与真实气流温度偏差在0.7%以内，传感器的稳态测温偏差能够满足在该型航空发动机上的使用需求。     

深空辐射环境对高吸收率消杂光涂层的性能影响

为了研究深空辐射环境对SCB-1型空间高吸收率消杂光涂层的太阳光谱吸收性能影响。采用5 000 ESH剂量的真空-紫外、2.5×10¹⁵ p/cm²注量的真空-质子和2.5×10¹⁶ e/cm²注量的真空-电子依次对SCB-1消杂光涂层进行串联辐照试验，分析各项辐照试验前后消杂光涂层外观、太阳吸收比α_s及半球发射率ε_H的变化情况。并采用热失重分析（Thermal Gravity Analysis）判断消杂光涂层受辐照试验后的分解情况与热稳定性变化。经串联辐照试验后，SCB-1消杂光涂层全波段太阳吸收比总变化值Δα_s下降了0.011~0.012，400~1 100 nm波段太阳吸收比总变化值Δα_s下降了0.011~0.013，以上三项串联辐照过程中SCB-1消杂光涂层的半球发射率总变化值Δε_H无明显变化。SCB-1消杂光涂层呈现了极佳的深空辐射环境下的消杂光持久性，可对未来深空探测领域的光学技术发展提供有力支持。     

Solar sail attitude control using shape variation of booms

Active attitude control of solar sails is required to control the direction of the force generated by Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP). It is desirable to control the attitude through propellant-free means. This paper proposes a new method for attitude control of solar sails: A boom consisting of “smart” structural material can be deformed by the piezoelectric actuator, and Solar Radiation Pressure torque will be generated due to shape variation of sail membrane caused by boom deformation. The method has the advantages of simple structure, small disturbance and small additional load, and is not limited by the size of the solar sail. The case of rendezvous with the Asteroid 2000 SG344 is used to verify the attitude control around the pitch and yaw axes.     

旋转状态下涡轮叶片复合冷却结构

采用三维流固耦合换热计算研究了旋转状态下涡轮叶片冷却结构的复合冷却性能,讨论了辐射换热和转速对综合冷却效果的影响.结果表明:结构1叶根处出现局部高温区,低冷却效率范围大,叶片整体温度分布不均匀,结构2通过更合理的气膜流量分配提高了前缘附近冷却效率,降低了叶片表面最高温度,结构3采用内部蛇形通道使吸力面冷却效率显著提高,叶片整体冷却效率分布较为均匀；考虑壁面辐射换热时叶片表面温度升高,当表面发射率为1时局部温升超过50K,壁面辐射换热的影响不能被忽略；压力面综合冷却效率随转速增大而升高,3种结构的局部冷却效率最高分别能提升15.6%，13.4%和16.4%,吸力面上除弦中区冷却效率随转速升高有所降低外,其余位置冷却效率变化不大.      

Hardware qualification for scientific ballooning missions

The European Stratospheric Balloon Observatory (ESBO) initiative aims at simplifying the access to stratospheric balloon missions. We plan to provide platforms and support with instrument design in order to support scientists. During the design process, the inevitable question of qualification for the harsh flight conditions arises. Unfortunately, there is no existing standard for qualification of stratospheric ballooning hardware. Thus, we developed a qualification procedure for use within ESBO and similar projects.In this paper, we present our analysis of the environmental conditions in the stratosphere. While conditions at typical balloon float altitudes are similar to the space environment, there are also some relevant differences. For example, the thermal environment is dominated by radiation and thermal conduction, but the remaining atmosphere still supports a certain amount of convection. The remaining atmospheric pressure in the stratosphere also leads to reduced arcing distances. Vibrational loads are far less than for space missions, but quasi-static or shock loads may occur. The criticality of radiation increases with mission duration.Based on the environmental conditions, we present the qualification procedures for ESBO, which are based on the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standards for space systems. Overtesting against too high requirements leads to overengineering, driving mission cost and mitigating the advantages of balloons over space missions. Therefore, we modified the ECSS standards to fit typical scientific ballooning missions over several days at altitudes up to 40 km. Furthermore, we analyzed design rules for space systems with regard to their relevance for scientific ballooning, including material and component selection. We present the experience from the hardware qualification process for the ESBO prototype STUDIO (Stratospheric UV Demonstrator of an Imaging Observatory). Even though boundary conditions are different for each individual mission, we aimed for a broader approach: We investigated more general requirements for scientific ballooning missions to support future flights.     

一种双S形二元排气系统红外特性的模型实验

通过模型实验测量了一种双S形二元(2-D)喷管排气系统壁面压力和温度分布,以及分别在侧向、下方和上方探测面上的红外辐射强度分布,并与基准轴对称排气系统作了对比分析。实验结果表明:双S形二元喷管排气系统在上方探测面上,红外辐射强度比较大,最大值出现在10°探测角；相比基准轴对称排气系统,双S形二元排气喷管系统红外辐射强度在0°探测角方位平均降低了75.5%,在侧向、下方及上方探测面上90°探测角方位分别降低了57.6%、50.9%和17.3%。      

宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源研制

红外成像探测系统的应用环境越来越复杂，工作适应温度范围低温可达到-50 ℃以下，高温可达到70 ℃以上。为满足相应要求，研制宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源，采用细分均匀加热、模糊PID自整定控制算法、双路配气保护等技术，满足高低温需求，同时开展腔型设计、超黑高发射率涂层等相应研究，保证了黑体辐射源的整体性能，确保完成相应功能。研制完成后，在高低温环境下进行了验证试验，可达到以下指标：有效发射率≥0.999，空腔开口直径≥60 mm，温度测量不确定度10 mK（k=2）。经验证，可满足宽温度范围条件红外探测系统的计量要求。