Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

Ultrasound assisted solidification process of ternary Cu–Sn–Sb alloy

It is well-known that the application of ultrasound during liquid to solid transitions for alloys can refine the solidification microstructure and thus improves the mechanical properties. How-ever, most published work focuses on single phase dendritic growth, whereas little has been con-ducted on the multiphase alloys with complicated phase transformations during solidification. In this work, the solidification process of ternary Cu40Sn45Sb15 alloy was realized within intensive ultra-sonic field with a resonant frequency of 20 kHz and ultrasound power from 0 W to 1000 W. The ultrasound refines the size of the primary e(Cu3Sn) intermetallic compound by two orders of mag-nitudes. If the ultrasound power increases to 1000 W, g(Cu6Sn5) phase nucleates and grows directly from parent liquid phase without the occurrence of peri-eutectic reaction on the top of the alloy sam-ple where the ultrasound intensity is sufficiently high. These microstructural variations lead to the enhancement of compressive strength and elasticity modulus of ternary Cu40Sn45Sb15 alloy.     

Effects of process parameters on mechanical properties of abrasive-assisted electroformed nickel

A cathode mandrel with translational and rotational motion, which was supposed to obtain uniform friction effect on surface, was employed in abrasive-assisted electroforming for revolving parts with complex profile. The effects of current density, translational speed and rotational speed on the deposit properties were studied by orthogonal test. The tensile strength, elongation and micro hardness value were measured to find out how the factors affected the properties. The optimized results show that changes of current density affect the tensile strength of nickel layer most, while translational speed has the most remarkable influences on both elonga-tion and micro hardness. The low rotational speed affects the properties least. In this experiment, a smooth nickel layer with tensile strength 581 MPa, elongation 17%and micro hardness 248HV is obtained by the orthogonal test.     

MD-130 胶黏剂固化工艺及空间适用性研究

为满足航天电子产品的工艺实施和空间服役要求,本文详细开展了MD-130胶黏剂的固化工艺及空间适应性研究。结果表明,在150℃等温固化60 min后其拉伸剪切强度达到18 MPa,表明其为优选的固化工艺。高低温环境冲击和低剂量的粒子辐照后胶黏剂固化反应更加充分,其芯片剪切强度提高,而大剂量辐照致使高分子降解现象明显,造成了胶接强度的降低。经环境试验后,MD-130胶黏剂仍具有良好的力学性能,满足设计使用要求。     

含氢 WC/ C 复合涂层在不同润滑油环境的摩擦性能

利用非平衡磁控溅射技术,通过同时离化乙炔气体和共溅射石墨靶与碳化钨靶,在304不锈钢和单晶硅基底上沉积具有Cr过渡层和WC过渡层的含氢WC/C复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、Raman光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪等对涂层的微观结构、力学性能进行分析。利用Rtec摩擦磨损试验机对WC/C复合涂层与304不锈钢基底在PAO基础润滑油环境、发动机润滑油环境以及腐蚀性发动机润滑油环境进行摩擦性能测试。结果表明:涂层内含有较多类石墨sp2键,WC1-x相镶嵌在非晶碳基质中构成多相复合结构;涂层的硬度和弹性模量明显高于304不锈钢基底,且其H/E值远高于基底;与304不锈钢基底相比,在三种润滑油环境下涂层均具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率。     

聚氨酯增韧改性 PISOX 树脂及其复合材料的性能

利用MDI与PTMG-2000制备聚氨酯预聚体,对聚(异氰脲酸酯-噁唑烷酮)树脂(PISOX)进行增韧改性:考察不同I/E、不同预聚体添加量的树脂浇铸体力学性能的变化;并对最优配方进行复合材料力学性能测试和DMTA测试,比较改性前后复合材料力学性能和耐热性能的变化;利用SEM观察改性前后微观形态的变化,推测增韧机理。结果表明,I/E=1.8、添加15%预聚体时树脂浇铸体综合力学性能最优,弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度分别为60.92 MPa、2 295 MPa、6.40 k J/m2;利用该基体制备复合材料,具有比未改性体系更优异的力学性能和界面性能,且聚氨酯预聚体的引入对树脂在高温下的耐热性能没有明显影响,其玻璃化转变温度均在258℃左右;对比改性前后体系固化物的微观结构,改性后的体系呈两相结构,橡胶相起到吸收冲击能和终止裂纹的作用,有效地提高了材料的韧性。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及拉伸测试系统地表征和研究了热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:固溶态GW94、GW74、GW44合金主要由α-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。随着Gd含量的增加,固溶态Mg-Gd-Y合金中方块相的体积分数不断增加;在同一时效温度下,合金达到时效峰值的时效时间缩短;室温下拉伸的固溶态、时效峰值态合金以及200和250℃下拉伸的时效峰值态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高(固溶态合金屈服强度先降低后升高),但是伸长率却是不断降低。时效峰值态GW94合金表现出优越的力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300、247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%;200和250℃拉伸时,时效峰值态GW94合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为329、234 MPa和2.6%以及312、233 MPa和2.7%。时效峰值态GW94、GW74合金出现抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为。     

熔融渗硅工艺制备的SiCf/SiC复合材料微观结构与性能

SiC纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料（SiC_f/SiC复合材料）在航空发动机热端部件方面具有重要应用。本文以第二代碳化硅纤维为增强材料,采用熔融渗硅工艺制备出SiC_f/SiC复合材料,测试复合材料的基本物理性能及常规力学性能,并利用Micro-CT、SEM对试样的微观结构和断面进行了表征分析。结果显示：SiC_f/SiC复合材料的体积密度为2.78 g/cm³,开气孔率小于2.0%,基体较为致密,1 200 ℃时热导率（厚度方向）为14.30 W/（m?K）,室温~1 200 ℃厚度方向和面内方向的线胀率分别为0.59%、0.56%,平均热胀系数分别为5.02×10^-6、4.73×10^-6/K;室温面内拉伸强度典型值为317 MPa,SEM显示试样断面具有明显的纤维拔出效应,弯曲强度和层间拉伸强度典型值分别达794和49 MPa。     

不同酚醛树脂对芳纶纸蜂窝性能的影响

为研究酚醛树脂对芳纶纸蜂窝性能的影响,本文采用两种不同的酚醛树脂制备芳纶纸蜂窝芯材,对所制备蜂窝芯材的压缩性能和剪切性能进行测试,同时结合蜂窝端面树脂分布观察、树脂与芳纶纸接触角测量等方法,分析了两种树脂所制备蜂窝芯材性能出现差异的原因,结果表明：树脂中溶剂水的挥发速度、树脂与芳纶纸之间的表面张力会影响树脂在蜂窝壁上的树脂分布;蜂窝芯材树脂含量相同时,其节点两侧的树脂胶柱有利于提高蜂窝芯材压缩强度,但树脂堆积在节点后会降低蜂窝壁厚,造成蜂窝的剪切强度和模量下降。     

线性尺寸未注公差标准演变及应用

从实际应用的角度出发，阐述了线性尺寸未注公差各标准的演变和主要特点，并提出了在机械加工应用中具有简明、省时、质优等特点。