粘性耗散对重力波波包共振相互作用的影响

采用数值方法考察了粘性耗散对重力波波包共振相互作用的影响．结果表明,粘性耗散不仅衰减相互作用波的能量,而且强烈地影响波包之间局地能量的传递,使波包的形状发生进一步的改变．粘性耗散减缓相互作用过程的发展,阻止高波数的次级波与主波进行相互作用．在低热层高度上,耗散过程占支配地位,三波能量演变的特征发生了相当大的变化．大尺度主波通过与小尺度次级波的相互作用,更快地实现对大气的加热．      

重力波对中间层和低热层大气环流的影响

利用β通道准地转近似大气平均运动方程组,采用重力波线性饱和参量化方法,定性地研究大气重力 波对中间层和低热层大气环流的作用.模拟计算得到,大气重力波对平均东西风速可产生100m·s-1／d左右的作 用力和产生120 m2/s的湍流扩散,这些作用平衡了Coriolis扭力,导致大气的平均东西风速大大偏离辐射平衡 风场,中层顶附近的平均东西风速在冬季(夏季)甚至反转为东风(西风).平均东西风速计算结果与冬季和夏季 中频雷达东西风速观测值和大气模式剖面等大致一致.     

国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件研究综述及WUDOGS简介

深空探测器精密定轨软件系统的研制在深空探测活动中是一个非常重要的环节,一直受到各大航天机构的重视。针对国内外深空探测器精密定轨软件平台的研究现状,重点介绍了具有代表性的美国JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory,喷气推进实验室)的DPTRAJ/ODP(Double Precision TRAJectory program/Orbit Determination Program,双精度轨道程序/定轨程序)和MONTE(Mission analysis,Operations,and Navigation Toolkit Environment,任务分析、操作和导航工具箱环境),GSFC(Goddard Space Flight Center,戈达德航天飞行中心)的GEODYN-II以及法国CNES(Centre National dEtudes Spatiales,国家空间研究中心)的GINS(Géodésie par Intégrations Numériques Simultanées,同步数值积分大地测量)软件系统,对这些软件的结构与功能进行了总结。之后对武汉大学自主研制的深空探测器精密定轨软件系统WUDOGS(Wuhan University Deep space Orbit determination and Gravity recovery System,武汉大学深空探测器精密定轨与重力场解算软件系统)的主要模块与功能进行了介绍,通过与GEODYN-II的交叉对比验证,表明:对于探测器的轨道预报,WUDOGS与GEODYN-II的1个月位置差异小于0.3mm,2d位置差值小于5×10~(-3) mm;双程测距、双程测速的理论计算值和GEODYN-II的差值RMS(Root Mean Square,均方根)分别在0.06mm,0.002mm/s的水平;WUDOGS目前已初步具备了月球和火星探测器精密定轨能力。最后对WUDOGS的下一步发展方向进行了展望。     

用地球磁场和重力场成功挽救风云一号（B）卫星的控制技术

风云一号气象卫星是我国最早成功发射的太阳同步三轴稳定对地遥感卫星，由于早期的技术和器件原因，星上计算机因空间辐照而失控，造成星上贮气耗尽、卫星高速翻滚。本文详细介绍了了在卫星面临失败的情况下，作者利用地球磁场和重力场与卫星的相互作用，采用星上的磁力矩器和可用的一切手段而设计的一整套抢救这颗卫星的技术方法，并简述了经过75天的艰苦努力，使这颗濒临失败的卫星重新建立三轴稳定的对地定向姿态的历程。     

惯性系姿态确定的SINS晃动基座初始对准算法

在晃动基座下,载体将受到外界干扰(例如阵风和海浪),从而使传统解析粗对准无法完成捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准过程。基于此,采用SINS惯性系姿态确定初始对准算法解决SINS晃动基座初始对准,并使用Davenport-q递归算法实现其姿态确定过程。传统惯性系初始对准算法直接采用构造重力矢量观测来实现初始对准过程,可能会引起矢量构造共线,从而造成初始对准过程姿态计算震荡,降低其对准性能。通过分析晃动基座初始对准实际条件,提出了采用构造速度矢量观测来实现其对准过程,可以充分利用积分平滑作用,抑制周期性噪声和高斯白噪声,从而可以提高其对准性能。最后,通过SINS某码头系泊状态的对比测试试验进行验证,采用速度观测矢量完成SINS姿态确定初始对准时,其误差曲线将更加平滑,并具有优越的性能。     

重力波波包在三维非等温大气和水平风场中非线性传播的数值研究

采用全隐欧拉格式（FICE）对重力波波包在三维非等温大气、均匀和剪切风场中的非线性传播进行了数值模拟，给出了重力波波包三维非线性传播的全过程，分析了重力波的传播特性及背景温度场、风场对重力波传播的影响。结果表明：波包扰动速度振幅的增长比在WKB条件下振幅的增长要慢；波包非线性传播的路径、能量传输速度不同于WKB近似下的结果，非线性效应导致了重力波的传播特性的改变；温度场的非均匀性会改变重力波传播的路径和速度；剪切风场使扰动速度振幅的增加变得缓慢，使垂直波长减小。     

DORIS-based point mascons for the long term stability of precise orbit solutions

In recent years non-tidal Time Varying Gravity (TVG) has emerged as the most important contributor in the error budget of Precision Orbit Determination (POD) solutions for altimeter satellites’ orbits. The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has provided POD analysts with static and time-varying gravity models that are very accurate over the 2002–2012 time interval, but whose linear rates cannot be safely extrapolated before and after the GRACE lifespan. One such model based on a combination of data from GRACE and Lageos from 2002–2010, is used in the dynamic POD solutions developed for the Geophysical Data Records (GDRs) of the Jason series of altimeter missions and the equivalent products from lower altitude missions such as Envisat, Cryosat-2, and HY-2A. In order to accommodate long-term time-variable gravity variations not included in the background geopotential model, we assess the feasibility of using DORIS data to observe local mass variations using point mascons. In particular, we show that the point-mascon approach can stabilize the geographically correlated orbit errors which are of fundamental interest for the analysis of regional Mean Sea Level trends based on altimeter data, and can therefore provide an interim solution in the event of GRACE data loss. The time series of point-mass solutions for Greenland and Antarctica show good agreement with independent series derived from GRACE data, indicating a mass loss at rate of 210 Gt/year and 110 Gt/year respectively.     

引力模型在导弹制导中的应用

目前国内导弹大部分是以惯性制导为主,一般通过提高惯性器件水平来提高导航精度.而减少引力计算误差,也是提高精度的有效途径.本文定量计算了引力计算误差对导弹精度的影响,提出了一种适用于弹上实时计算的引力高精度快速计算方法及实施流程,为工程应用奠定了基础.     

Recovery of the Earth’s gravity field from formation-flying satellites: Temporal aliasing issues

Temporal and mean gravity field models derived from the twin-satellite, leader–follower mission GRACE have provided a new type of information for Earth sciences. In this contribution, we study the potential of various alternative satellite formations for gravity field determination in the post-GRACE era in a simulation environment. In particular, the effects of spherical harmonic truncation and of temporal aliasing in the processing of gravity products from such future formations are investigated.     

Estimated errors in a global gravity wave climatology from GPS radio occultation temperature profiles

In a previous paper by Schmidt et al. (2008), from CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation data, a comparison was made between a Gaussian filter applied to the “complete” temperature profile and to its “separate” tropospheric and stratospheric height intervals, for gravity wave analyses. It was found that the separate filtering method considerably reduces a wave activity artificial enhancement near the tropopause, presumably due to the isolation process of the wave component. We now propose a simple approach to estimate the uncertainty in the calculation of the mean specific wave potential energy content, due exclusively to the filtering process of vertical temperature profiles, independently of the experimental origin of the data. The approach is developed through a statistical simulation, built up from the superposition of synthetic wave perturbations. These are adjusted by a recent gravity wave (GW) climatology and temperature profiles from reanalyses. A systematic overestimation of the mean specific wave potential energy content is detected and its variability with latitude, altitude, season and averaging height interval is highlighted.