基于GPS的多基线姿态系统研究

在QUEST算法的基础上,提出了非单位向量前提下的四元数估计算法。该算法考虑了基线长度对精度的影响,将其应用于自制的GPS多基线姿态系统,计算载体的姿态角,验证系统及算法的精度。通过两次实验结果对比表明:该套GPS姿态系统具有较高的精度,非单位向量的四元数估计算法计算精度明显高于TRIAD算法。     

一种基于量测方程线性变换的 GPS 定位算法

提出一种将ＧＰＳ导航中的量测方程线性化的方法,即是将直接法的方程降阶法应用于ＧＰＳ导航定位的量测方程中,计算机模拟结果表明此线性变化法可靠,实用。     

近地卫星利用GPS自主定轨的精度

讨论近地卫星利用GPS 全球定位系统进行自主定轨的精度问题,建立了定轨精度与等效三维定位精度之间的关系,然后利用这种关系来推算C/A 码用户所能获得的定轨及位置精度。分析结果表明,10m 量级的定轨精度是可以达到的。     

1996-2003年大耀斑事件引起的TEC突然增强的统计分析

利用1996—2003年期间GOES卫星耀斑观测资料和国际GPS观测网的GPS—TEC资料分析X级大耀斑事件引起的电离层电子浓度总含量(TEC)的突然增强(SITEC)现象．对X射线耀斑等级、耀斑日面位置与SITEC的关系进行了分析．结果表明,两者都与SITEC现象的强弱有着一定的正相关性．在消除X射线耀斑等级、耀斑日面位置对电离层SITEC现象的影响后,进而分析了日地距离以及耀斑持续时间对电离层SITEC现象的影响．结果表明,日地距离和耀斑持续时间都是影响SITEC现象的重要参数,日地距离较近时发生的耀斑事件引起的SITEC现象较为强烈．另外,耀斑持续时间越长,SITEC现象越微弱,但是当耀斑持续时间继续延长时,SITEC现象的强弱逐渐趋于不再改变,最后在某值附近达到平衡．还对某些没有在电离层中引起明显SITEC现象的耀斑事件进行了讨论,发现了这类耀斑的一些特征．     

小型通信卫星在未来全球信息高速公路网中的作用

中小型通信卫星在未来混合型网络结构中将扮演重要角色。这种混合网络将为各种信息业务提供随时随地可访问的多媒体通道。本文旨在考察即将问世的全球信息基础结构（简称信息高速公路，ＮＩＩ）的基本概念。卫星通信将是未来这些混合网络结构赖以存在的核心传输结构中的一个重要组成部分。现代技术的突飞猛进使得未来中小规模的卫星就拥有建立明天高速信息网所必需的高性能。本文着重探讨了小卫星在建立未来信息高速公路中所起的作用。     

Transient Effects and Disturbed Conditions

In the present phase of the solar cycle no big transients leading to strong modulation had been observed after 1991. Apart from a few minor disturbances cosmic rays were still recovering to a new intensity maximum. It was suggested, therefore, that existing literature from previous cycles should be critically reviewed. The scene was set by the introductory papers on— phenomenology of cosmic ray modulation in successive solar cycles throughout the heliosphere— the present state of models for long term modulation and their shortcomings— the relation between cosmic ray variations and the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (the CR-B-relation)— charge dependent effects.In the discussions, the study of propagating diffusive disturbances and the CR-B-relation played a central role. The difference was stressed between isolated transient disturbances in the inner solar system (Forbush decreases), and the long lasting, step-like decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. The recovery rates following the step-like decreases vary with the phase in the 22-year solar cycle. In some cases this requires a modification of existing drift models. In the outer heliosphere, the CR-B-relation leads to the result 1/ between the diffusion coefficient and the field magnitude . This simple result is a challenge for theoreticians to derive the perpendicular diffusion coefficient fromfirst principles. The three articles in this report essentially follow the list of open points and arguments just presented.The article "Observations and Simple Models" is organised around the model of a propagating diffusive barrier, its application to Forbush effects in the inner heliosphere and to decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. Acomparison of observed Forbush decreases with model predictions requires a careful separation of the two steps related to the turbulent region behind the shock front and the closed magnetic field regions of the ejecta (the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections). It is shown that models for propagating disturbances can be used to derive values of the diffusion coefficients phenomenologically, not only during the disturbance, but also in the ambient medium.The "Modeling of Merged Interaction Regions" summarizes the dynamic and time-dependent process of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Numerical models with only a time-dependent neutral sheet prove to be successful when moderate to low solar activity occurs but fail to describe large and discrete steps in modulated cosmic rays when solar activity is high. To explain this feature of heliospheric modulation, the concept of global merged interaction regions is required. The com-bination of gradient, curvature and neutral sheet drifts with these global merged interaction regions has so far been the most successful approach in explaining the 11-year and 22-year cycles in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays.The "Remarks on the Diffusion Tensor in the Heliosphere" describe available theories of perpen-dicular diffusion and drift, and discuss their relevance to cosmic rays in the heliosphere. In addition, the information about diffusion coefficients and spatial gradients obtained from the analysis of steady state anisotropies at neutron monitor energies is summarized. These topics are intimately related to the other two articles. They are also part of the general discussion about the "Diffusion Tensor throughout the Heliosphere" which played an important role in all working groups.     

新生代的气候效应与碳循环

对发生于新生代的６次巨大天体撞击作用（６５Ｍａ，３４Ｍａ，１５Ｍａ，２４Ｍａ，１．１Ｍａ，０．７Ｍａ）的气候效应进行的模拟表明，这６次巨大天体撞击作用产生的尘埃进入平流层后，可使全球平均温度下降至零度以下，降温效应持续时间最长可达３０年之久，首次在模拟中考虑全球性森林大火产生的ＣＯ２和死亡生物分解生成的ＣＯ２的温室效应，研究表明这两种作用使大气中ＣＯ２增量最大仅达６７％，其增温效应远远低于尘埃层产     

多模多频卫星导航系统码偏差统一定义与处理方法

精确处理和修正观测量偏差（OSB）是有效发挥多模多频优势,提升GNSS服务和应用效能的前提和基础，已成为国内外卫星导航高精度定位领域研究的热点问题之一。国际GNSS服务组织（IGS）和国际大地测量协会（IAG）专门成立了工作组推动相关工作。然而，目前有关观测量偏差处理的方法仍存在着定义不统一、求解不严密、使用不便捷等突出问题，给实时高精度定位应用带来诸多不利因素。针对此，首先阐述了中国科学院（CAS）电离层分析中心码偏差产品的定义、估计策略和使用方法，然后给出了部分精度评估和分析。结果表明：CAS、CODE和DLR发布的码偏差参数一致性优于0.30ns，CAS码偏差月稳定性优于0.15ns。相关工作对于推动多模多频GNSS在电离层监测、高精度定位和授时定时等领域的应用具有重要参考价值。     

Delineation of possible influence of solar variability and galactic cosmic rays on terrestrial climate parameters

The present paper has investigated the associations of solar activity (SA), represented by total solar irradiance (TSI), galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and terrestrial climate parameters in particular the global cloudiness and global surface temperature. To that end, we have analysed thirty five years (1983–2018) data of these parameters and have applied the Granger-causality test in order to assess whether there is any potential predictability power of one indicator to the other. The correlations among the involved parameters are tested using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model and variance decomposition method. As a result of the above analysis, we have found that the TSI is an important factor and has contributed about 8.77 ± 0.42% in the cosmic ray intensity variations. In case of cloud cover variations, the other three parameters (TSI, cosmic ray and global surface temperature) have played a significant role. Further, the TSI changes have contributed 1.68 ± 0.03% fluctuations in the variance of the cloud cover while the cosmic ray intensity and global surface temperature have contributed about 4.89 ± 0.08% and 10.87 ± 1.41% respectively. In case of the global surface temperature anomaly both TSI and cloud covers have contributed about 5.07 ± 0.47% and 14.42 ± 2.13% fluctuations respectively. Additionally, we have also assessed the impact of internal climate oscillations like multivariate ENSO index (MEI), north Atlantic oscillations (NAO) and quasi biennial oscillations (QBO) on cloud cover variations. The contribution of these internal oscillations e.g. ENSO, NAO and QBO in cloud cover variation were reported as 7.48 ± 1.02%, 5.51 ± 0.16% and 1.36 ± 0.43% respectively.     

Higher order ionospheric error correction in BDS precise orbit determination

The ionospheric error affects the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems observation and precise orbit determination. Usually, only the first order ionospheric error is considered, which can be eliminated by the ionospheric-free linear combination observation. But the remaining higher order ionospheric error will affect the accuracy of observations and their applications. In this paper, the influence of the higher order ionospheric error have been studied by using the International Geomagnetic Reference Field 13 and the Global Ionosphere Maps model produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe. Focus on ionospheric error, the experiment of paper at doy 302 in 2019, which show that the second order ionospheric error impacting BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B1I and B3I observation is 6.3569 mm and 11.8484 mm, respectively. Whereas, the third order ionospheric error impacting BDS B1I and B3I observation is 0.1734 mm and 0.3977 mm, respectively. Due to the current measurement accuracy of BDS carrier-phase observation can reach 2 mm, the influence of high order ionospheric error on observation should be considered. For BDS precise orbit determination, the orbit overlapping results are indicated that its orbit accuracy can be improved approximately 5 mm with the higher order ionospheric error correction, which is also in agreement with the results of Satellite Laser Ranging in this work.