（SIM＋SME）训练方法中的Cu-Zn-Al合金形状记忆效应研究

研究了(SIM SME)训练法中的Cu-Zn-Al合金单向形状记忆效应η_ο和双向形状记忆效应η_τ。结果表明:随训练次数增加,位错增加,晶格原子有序度降低,单向形状记忆效应先急剧下降,然后缓慢下降和趋于稳定。基本稳定时的单向形状记忆效应不到初时值的50％。伴随位错增加,引入更多择优取向位错,促使形成更多择优取向马氏体,导致双向形状记忆效应急剧上升,训练9次之内出现峰值,然后缓慢上升和趋于稳定。基本稳定时的双向形状记忆效应相当于峰值的64％～88％。同时,随训练次数增加,单向记忆的动作敏感性下降,然后趋于稳定。与初期动作敏感性值相比,1号合金基本稳定时下降58％。在元件设计中应注意动作敏感性下降问题和形状记忆效应下降问题。     

TiNi基形状记忆合金薄膜的相变特征研究

利用磁控溅射的方法在单晶Si和非晶SiO2基片上制备了TiNi和TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄膜,并利用示差扫描量热法和基片曲率法研究了薄膜的相变特征及应力随温度的变化.研究结果表明450℃溅射形成的记忆合金薄膜具有良好的形状记忆效应,在微电子机械系统有很好的应用前景.TiNi薄膜降温时出现R相变,因而发生两步相变,而TiNiCu薄膜中马氏体和奥氏体间直接转变.基片以及薄膜成份对相变点有很大的影响.单晶Si片作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜和基片间有很好的结合力,而SiO2作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜容易剥落.     

基于加速响应面逼近的改进CSSO优化过程研究

实现基于响应面的并行子空间优化过程(CSSO-RS),关键在于如何高效率高精度的构造近似响应面.本文针对如何快速提高响应面近似精度的问题,提出了方案数据库探测加点策略和限制记忆法构造响应面策略两种加速响应面逼近的措施.用经典测试函数和飞机总体设计优化两个算例研究表明,这两种策略能够有效加快响应面的逼近速度,使CSSO-RS过程的优化效率得到较大改善.     

XQR2V3000 FPGA单粒子翻转率在轨探测研究

通过搭载在某MEO、IGSO轨道卫星上的单粒子探测器对XQR2V3000 FPGA配置存储器进行了在轨单粒子翻转探测。利用一种基于复位计数统计的FPGA配置存储器单粒子翻转的监测方法，并对在2016年太阳活动平静期以及2017年9月6日太阳耀斑爆发期的2颗MEO卫星以及1颗IGSO卫星的XQR2V3000 FPGA配置存储器单粒子翻转次数进行统计，依据卫星轨道根数获得了翻转事件的空间分布。结果表明，在太阳平静期，设备等效铝屏蔽厚度为6 mm的情况下，处于MEO轨道和IGSO轨道的XQR2V3000配置存储器单粒子翻转率分别为 0.513 次/(器件·天)和0.491次/(器件·天)，分别为CREME96模型预测结果的22.4%和16.9%，两种轨道的翻转率相当。在太阳耀斑爆发期间，MEO与IGSO轨道单粒子翻转率分别上升为2.5次/(器件·天)和 5次/(器件·天) ，比平静期高了一个数量级。试验所得的单粒子翻转率可为相同轨道卫星电子设备单粒子翻转率的预示提供有效的参考。     

Evaluation of a Geiger-mode imaging flash lidar in the approach phase for autonomous safe landing on the Moon

The imaging flash lidar has been considered as a promising sensor for the future space missions such as autonomous safe landing, spacecraft rendezvous and docking due to its ability to provide a full 3D scene with a single or multiple laser pulses. The linear-mode flash lidar has been developed and demonstrated for an autonomous safe landing on the Moon in order to provide an accurate distance measurement to the landing site and its 3D image. Yet, the Geiger-mode flash lidar has also been recognized as an emerging technology for the space missions because it is highly sensitive even to a single photon and provides the very accurate timing of photon arrival. In this study, the performance of the Geiger-mode flash lidar is simulated in the approach phase and evaluated for the autonomous landing on the Moon. Furthermore, a new statistical signal processing algorithm is proposed to remove the noise counts in order to obtain the 3D image from a sequence of laser pulses in the situation of the fast moving spacecraft. The algorithm is shown to be effective for the autonomous landing due to its ability to remove noise events under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio and improve ranging accuracy.     

李萨如图在磁记忆二维定量检测中的应用

依据磁记忆二维检测原理,将磁信号法向分量存在过零点,切向分量存在最大值联合起来检测,并引入李萨如图分析法,对用法向分量和切向分量合成的类李萨如图以及将法向分量和切向分量微分后合成的李萨如图进行比较分析,得出可以利用微分后合成的李萨如图封闭区域面积的大小来判断应力集中程度及用在不同的应力集中程度下李萨如图面积数量级作为阈值的结论.从而可为利用李萨如图分析法对磁记忆二维检测进行定量分析的进一步研究提供试验分析依据.     

闪光 X 射线技术在空间科学领域中的应用

在长时间飞行的航天器的设计中,必须考虑其表面和暴露的子系统被陨石雨和沿轨道运动碎片的高速撞击。闪光 X 射线技术是研究这一问题的基本工具之一。在美国销售的闪光 X 射线设备中有近30%是用于空间科学的研究。文章介绍了闪光 X 射线系统的性能及其在空间科学研究中的应用。     

Navigational Aids and Spatial Memory Impairment: The Role of Divided Attention

Navigational aids impair spatial memory for experienced environments, but the cognitive mechanisms underlying impairment remain an open question. Recent evidence implicates divided attention, but to date no study has directly manipulated divided attention in navigational aid contexts. The present study addresses this need. Participants navigated virtual towns with aid presence and divided attention factorially crossed in a within-participants design. They then completed spatial memory assessments. Divided attention alone impaired spatial memory. Navigational aid presence impaired spatial memory when attention was undivided, replicating previous findings, but did not to a greater extent when attention was divided. These findings suggest that navigational aids divide attention sufficiently to impair spatial memory.     

Path visualization: a method for objective measurement of spatial visualization

ABSTRACT

The ability to mentally represent spatial information is a fundamental cognitive process. To many people, this process feels a bit like visual perception, hence the term ‘spatial visualization’. In this paper, we describe a method for measuring the accuracy of spatial visualization, specifically visualization of a complex path in imaginary space. A critical feature of this method (called Path Visualization) is that it relies on the detection of intersections in a visualized path. Intersection detection is an inherently spatial task that requires a spatial representation. In this paper, we show how the Path Visualization method works, and how it can be customized to address several key research issues in human spatial cognition.