背撑发动机进排气对翼身融合民机气动特性影响

针对翼身融合(BWB)背撑发动机布局民机的发动机与机体流动干扰问题,以项目团队研究的某BWB布局民机方案为研究对象,采用CFD方法研究了发动机进排气对全机低、高速气动特性的影响规律及其流动机理。结果表明:进排气效应主要影响飞机的高速阻力特性,随着发动机进气流量的减小,机体/短舱之间流动干扰加剧,机体零升阻力增加；进排气效应对低速状态升力和俯仰力矩的影响主要由发动机的抽吸作用对机体表面流动的干扰引起。发动机不同的进气流量会对全机的升阻力特性产生较大影响,在BWB布局机体/发动机一体化设计中,要充分考虑机体与动力装置之间的干扰影响,同时权衡不同进排气状态对机体和发动机当地流动的影响。      

Effect of multiple rings on side force over an ogive-cylinder body at subsonic speed

Experiments and computations were performed over an ogive-cylinder body having an lift-to-drag ratio of 16 at a diameter Reynolds number of 29000. The side force on the slender body augments with increasing angles of attack for the case without a ring. This increase was mainly due to the increase in the asymmetry of the existing vortex pair in the wake of the body. Attempts were made to completely reduce the existing side force at the angle of attack ranging from 35° to 45°.Three rectangular cross-sectioned circumferential rings having a height of 3% of the local diameter were placed at axial distances of 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 times the base diameter from the tip of the body so as to reduce the side force. The results obtained indicate that inclusion of three rings completely alleviated the side force on the slender body at the angle of attack ranging from 0° to 45°. The presence of rings was found to alter the growth of the vortices that helped in the reduction of the side force. Computations performed were in reasonable agreement with the experiments.     

Low-energy near Earth asteroid capture using Earth flybys and aerobraking

Since the Sun-Earth libration points L₁ and L₂ are regarded as ideal locations for space science missions and candidate gateways for future crewed interplanetary missions, capturing near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) around the Sun-Earth L₁/L₂ points has generated significant interest. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of coupling together a flyby of the Earth and then capturing small NEAs onto Sun–Earth L₁/L₂ periodic orbits. In this capture strategy, the Sun-Earth circular restricted three-body problem (CRTBP) is used to calculate target Lypaunov orbits and their invariant manifolds. A periapsis map is then employed to determine the required perigee of the Earth flyby. Moreover, depending on the perigee distance of the flyby, Earth flybys with and without aerobraking are investigated to design a transfer trajectory capturing a small NEA from its initial orbit to the stable manifolds associated with Sun-Earth L₁/L₂ periodic orbits. Finally, a global optimization is carried out, based on a detailed design procedure for NEA capture using an Earth flyby. Results show that the NEA capture strategies using an Earth flyby with and without aerobraking both have the potential to be of lower cost in terms of energy requirements than a direct NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby. Moreover, NEA capture with an Earth flyby also has the potential for a shorter flight time compared to the NEA capture strategy without the Earth flyby.     

Coupled fluid-thermal investigation on non-ablative thermal protection system with spiked body and opposing jet combined configuration

In this paper, a Non-Ablative Thermal Protection System(NATPS) with the spiked body and the opposing jet combined configuration is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic heating of the hypersonic vehicle, and the coupled fluid-thermal numerical analysis is performed to study the thermal control performance of the NATPS. The results show that the spiked body pushes the bow shock away from the protected structure and thus reduces the shock intensity and the wall heat flux. In addition, the low temperature gas of the opposing jet separates the high temperature gas behind the shock from the nose cone of the spiked body, ensuring the non-ablative property of the spiked body. Therefore, the NATPS reduces the aerodynamic heating by the reconfiguration of the flow field, and the thermal control efficiency of the system is better than the Thermal Protection System(TPS) with the single spiked body and the single opposing jet. The influencing factors of the NATPS are analyzed. Both increasing the length of the spiked body and reducing the total temperature of the opposing jet can improve the thermal control performance of the NATPS and the nonablative property of the spiked body. However, increasing the heat conductivity coefficient of the spiked body can enhance benefit the non-ablative property of the spiked body, but has little influence on the thermal control performance of the NATPS.     

Adaptive controller design for satellite attached by non-cooperative object

When non-cooperative body attachment occurs in space, the inertia of the new combination and the change of the system’s momentum are unknown. This uncertainty may lead to the instability of the spacecraft’s attitude control. In order to solve this problem, we propose an adaptive control scheme based on the inertia estimation of the new, combined system of non-cooperative body and satellite. This method can allow the new combination of different situations to reach a stable state with a high level of precision and speed. In this paper, the stability of the adaptive control scheme is proven by constructing a Lyapunov function. A simulation environment in which a non-cooperative body attaches to a satellite attaches to is constructed. The simulation shows that the attitude error converges to a small field when using the control scheme, regardless of unfavorable cases, including unknown inertia parameters, added momentum. In addition, the simulation results show the strong robustness of the control scheme for the new combination.     

Attitude analysis of space debris using SLR and light curve data measured with single-photon detector

Attitude is the important parameter for active debris removal and collision avoidance. This paper deduced the spin axis orientation and spin period of the rocket body, CZ-3B R/B (NORAD ID 38253), using the satellite laser ranging and light curve data measured with single-photon detector at Graz station. The epoch method and LC & SLR residuals fitting were combined to determine these values. The derived right ascension angle was around 220°, the declination angle was near 64° and the sidereal period was calculated to be 117.724 s, for 2017-07-03. The results derived from the two distinct methods were mutually validated. Rocket bodies are a major contributor to space debris and this work provides a reference for attitude determination and attitude modelling.     

基于CW方程的航天器追逃问题半直接求解方法

针对时间固定的两航天器追逃问题,提出一种以半直接配点法研究追逃双方最优控制策略的求解方法。航天器追逃问题是基于微分对策的追逃问题,该问题是含有追逐者和逃逸者控制变量的两点边值问题。若采用必要条件求解,则对迭代初值要求高,收敛困难。在两航天器均为连续小推力的假设条件下,以终端距离为支付函数,给出半直接配点法的求解过程。在此数值方法中,根据半直接转换将微分对策问题转化为最优控制问题,采用Gauss-Lobbato配点法将此最优问题最终转化为非线性规划问题,继而通过序列二次规划算法求解。这种半直接配点法避免了对微分对策问题最优策略的必要条件(两点边值问题)求解。采用该方法求解对迭代初值不敏感,且数值稳定性好。数值仿真实例验证了这种求解方法的可行性。该方法提高了求解两点边值问题的收敛性,为求解含有双方控制变量的微分对策问题提供了一种思路。     

组合体航天器智能协同姿态控制研究

组合体航天器在姿态机动过程中的各单体卫星承受的控制力是不均匀的，局部控制力过大将会导致组合链接断裂而失效。应用多体动力学理论建立了组合体航天器间的相互作用模型，对内力、内力矩与整星姿态、控制力矩之间的关系进行了分析；仿真了极端情况下的内力矩分布，其大小可能超过常用对接机构的力矩承受范围；采用粒子群算(PSO)法对控制合力矩进行优化分配，通过预设初值和继承初值来加快PSO算法的收敛速度，实时调整各星控制力矩分配比例，减小星间相互作用力，实现组合体航天器的智能协同控制，保证组合体航天器的连接铰不因受力过大而损坏。算法仿真和Adams软件验证分析表明，本文建立的相互作用模型可准确计算出星间相互作用力，提出的智能协同姿控算法可显著降低姿控过程中的星间内力，确保组合体航天器的安全。     

敏捷成像卫星调度的改进量子遗传算法

针对敏捷成像卫星调度问题中解空间大，选择任务的搜索空间和确定任务观测时间的搜索空间分别是离散域和连续域的难题。建立了多种决策变量混合的敏捷成像卫星调度模型，提出一种改进的量子遗传算法对其求解，改进的量子遗传算法采用二进制与实数杂合的编码方式，降低染色体的基因位编码数目，提高了搜索效率，有效适应了敏捷成像卫星调度问题中离散与连续混合的解空间；以杂合编码为基础，设计对应的观测函数将敏捷成像卫星调度问题的解映射到相位空间，从而将量子优化机制引入敏捷成像卫星调度问题中，利用量子遗传算法在相位空间搜索的特性解决敏捷成像卫星解空间大、解空间离散与连续并存的问题。最后，通过不同规模的仿真校验对算法的调度效果进行测试和分析。结果表明，所提改进的量子遗传算法在收敛速度和方案收益方面都有较好的表现，能够满足敏捷成像卫星调度的需要。     

头部和后体对钝头体侧向力的影响

钝头体大迎角飞行时会出现随机的非对称流动现象,引起不确定的较大侧向力,进而使其偏离运行轨道。通过在钝头体头部施加人工扰动块可以固定其大迎角下的非对称流场结构,得到确定的侧向力,以利于改善钝头体的大迎角飞行特性及机动性。本文讨论了在头部人工扰动块主控流场结构的基础上,模型后体对侧向力影响的存在性问题,在迎角为50°、雷诺数为1.54×105的条件下,利用实验对周向角为90°和270°、子午角为10°的扰动位置的球形扰动主控下的侧向力影响因素进行了研究。发现钝头体大迎角下的非对称流动结构在头部主控的基础上,后体对非对称流动的影响不会消失,且其为影响头部扰动主控作用的重要因素。尽管模型后体的影响不会改变钝头体头部对于流场结构的主控地位,但会影响头部扰动控制的精准程度。所以在通过钝头体头部施加扰动进而得到确定的侧向力的同时,还需要减小模型后体对流场的影响,对其结构和加工质量进行优化,以更好地通过人工扰动主控流场结构。