一种超宽带电子战测频技术的研究

随着雷达技术的发展,宽带瞬时信号截获是信息化装备的必备功能单元.从理论和试验验证的角度详细分析了超宽带电子战接收机的工作原理、测频技术和应用场景,提出了一种简化的MonoDFT算法,实现了2GHz～18GHz频段内雷达信号辐射源的高精度频率测量,并设计了两种应用场景和实现方法.理论分析与实验表明,接收机能够实现瞬时带宽...     

一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的信道化设计

为实现宽带雷达回波信号的模拟生成,通常采用基于信道化技术的射频存储(DRFM)系统。在信道化DRFM系统中,不合理的信道划分方案和多相滤波器设计会导致频谱混叠、频谱分量缺失和幅度失真。文章提出了一种相邻信道频谱有50%交叠的信道划分方法,并对信道化滤波器组进行了优化设计。在此基础上,给出了一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的实现方案。仿真结果表明,文章提出的设计方案可以实现Nyquist采样带宽内雷达信号的射频存储和模拟转发,且具有较小的幅度失真,可以满足瞬时大带宽雷达回波信号的模拟需求。     

Precise orbit determination for TH02-02 satellites based on BDS3 and GPS observations

The Tianhui-2 02 (TH02-02) satellite formation, as a supplement to the microwave mapping satellite system Tianhui-2 01 (TH02-01), is the first Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite formation-flying system that supports the tracking of BeiDou global navigation Satellite system (BDS3) new B1C and B2a signals. Meanwhile, the twin TH02-02 satellites also support the tracking of Global Positioning System (GPS) L1&L2 and BDS B1I&B3I signals. As the spaceborne receiver employs two independent boards to track the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites, we design an orbit determination strategy by estimating independent receiver clock offsets epoch by epoch for each GNSS to realize the multi-GNSS data fusion from different boards. The performance of the spaceborne receiver is evaluated and the contribution of BDS3 to the kinematic and reduced-dynamic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of TH02-02 satellites is investigated. The tracking data onboard shows that the average number of available BDS3 and GPS satellites are 8.7 and 9.1, respectively. The carrier-to-noise ratio and carrier phase noise of BDS3 B1C and B2a signals are comparable to those of GPS. However, strong azimuth-related systematic biases are recognized in the pseudorange multipath errors of B1C and B3I. The pseudorange noise of BDS3 signals is better than that of GPS after eliminating the multipath errors from specific signals. Taking the GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbit with single-receiver ambiguity fixing technique as a reference, the results of BDS3-only and BDS3 + GPS combined POD are assessed. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of orbit comparison of BDS3-based kinematic and reduced-dynamic POD with reference orbit are better than 7 cm and 3 cm in three-Dimensional direction (3D). The POD performance based on B1C&B2a data is comparable to that based on B1I&B3I. The precision of BDS3 + GPS combined kinematic orbit can reach up to 3 cm (3D RMS), which has a more than 25% improvement relative to the GPS-only solution. In addition, the consistency between the BDS3 + GPS combined reduced-dynamic orbit and the GPS-based ambiguity-fixed orbit is better than 1.5 cm (3D RMS).     

Particle filter-based real-time phase line bias estimation for GNSS-based attitude determination with common-clock receivers

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based attitude determination has been widely adopted in a wide variety of terrestrial, sea, air, and space applications. Recently, the emergence of commercial multi-GNSS common-clock receivers has brought new opportunities for high-precision GNSS-based attitude determination with single-differenced (SD) model. However, the key requirement of using this approach is the accurate estimation of the troublesome line bias (LB) in real-time. In this contribution, we propose a particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation approach that apply to SD model with single-system single-frequency observations from common-clock receiver. We first analyzed the relationship between the integer ambiguity ratio value and the phase LB. It is proved that the accuracy of a given phase LB value can be qualified by the related ambiguity resolution ratio value, and the normalized ratio value can therefore be used to represent the likelihood function of observations. Then, we presented the particle filter-based real-time phase LB estimation procedure, and assessed its performance using GPS L1/BDS B1I observations from two datasets collected with different types of common-clock receivers in terms of the accuracy and convergence time of phase LB estimation, the computation load, and the positioning and attitude determination accuracy with respect to the double-differenced (DD) model. Experimental results demonstrated that the phase LB could be accurately estimated with short convergence time (generally within 15 epochs). Moreover, compared with the classical DD approach, the particle filter-based SD approach delivers comparable positioning root-mean-square (RMS) errors in the North and East components but significantly smaller RMS errors in the Up component. Accordingly, the achievable yaw accuracy is comparable whereas the pitch accuracy is remarkably improved. The improvements of positioning accuracy in the Up component and pitch accuracy are approximately 35.7 % to 63.7 %, and 33.3 % to 63.1 %, respectively. Additionally, the single-epoch computation time with our particle filter-based SD approach is generally 0.08 s, which is obviously larger than the DD approach but could still meet the requirements of real-time applications below 10 Hz sampling.     

一种支持任意码率的PCM-FM遥测接收机设计

PCM-FM调制技术是遥测系统中应用最广泛的调制体制，遥测接收机是遥测系统的重要单机。针对目前遥测接收机系统复杂、体积笨重、操作不便、采购成本高昂的痛点，设计了一款通用便携遥测接收机，采用了任意采样率转换技术、坐标旋转数字计算方法CORDIC（Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer）鉴频、多普勒频移控制技术和位同步控制技术，具有硬件资源消耗少、支持任意码率可调、易于集成和小型化设计等优点。     

高轨导航接收机的时钟辅助定位算法

针对高轨卫星导航接收机接收信号弱、可用卫星少及定位精度差的问题,提出利用恒温晶振的频率稳定性抑制观测噪声,进一步改善定位精度的时钟辅助定位算法。通过区分星历星钟误差和用户测距误差在本算法中的不同传递路径,在理论上给出了算法的定位精度与星座几何构形之间的关系,并指出本算法在高轨场景下具有显著的精度优势,在低轨和地面场景下没有精度优势。仿真试验证实了算法的有效性,在典型的高轨场景下,本算法的单点定位误差仅是标准算法的1/10。     

针对弹载卫星导航接收机干扰方向测定的算法研究

在弹载应用中,卫星导航接收机动态范围大,干扰方向相对接收机变化迅速,高动态导致自适应抗干扰算法产生的零陷深度变浅、范围变大,同时破坏了零陷附近接收的卫星信号,严重影响了 自适应空时滤波的抗干扰性能.研究弹载卫星导航接收机干扰方向的测定方法,通过干扰测向将天线零陷对准干扰方向,在指定方向形成波束,从而提高了接收机的抗干扰能力.针对弹载高动态对卫星导航接收机干扰方向测定实时性和准确度的要求,提出了 MUSIC-ESPRIT联合算法,将传统的ESPRIT算法的测定结果作为MUSIC算法的初始值,进而缩小谱峰的搜索范围.仿真结果表明,提出的MUSIC-ESPRIT联合算法与传统的MUSIC算法相比,在保证干扰测向精度的同时降低了计算量,满足弹载卫星导航接收机对干扰方向的测定要求.     

晶振误差特性及其对弹载卫星导航接收机的影响分析

在卫星导航定位中,需要通过测量时间来计算伪距和伪距率,因此晶振的应用尤为重要。特别是当弹载卫星接收机工作在振动、高动态等恶劣的工作环境中时,晶振性能会明显恶化。提出了晶振长期稳定性、短期稳定性、相位噪声等误差特性的描述,以及这些误差特性对接收机捕获、跟踪、定位测速影响的仿真分析,并根据仿真结果提出了相应的晶振选型分析和应用方法,以使卫星导航接收机能够满足其工作要求。     

高动态卫星接收机定位高程超差问题分析

针对弹上卫星接收机在高动态环境中出现的定位高程超差问题,通过对接收机接收的卫星数据进行分析,并根据分析得到的初步定位结果而进行的一系列的试验验证,最终对该问题进行了准确定位,提出了相应的解决措施。     

全红外光激发里德堡原子微波电场测量

基于高激发里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术与传统金属天线相比有诸多优越性，是未来微波电场高精度测量的重要方案之一。采用全红外光激发里德堡原子的方案不再依赖复杂而昂贵的短波长激光器，大大减小了激光器系统的体积与能耗。在三红外光级联激发里德堡铷原子的过程中，发现了中间态对应的双光梯形电磁诱导透明光学参数对三光激发里德堡态电磁诱导吸收峰信噪比具有重要影响，因此采用光失谐方法能很好地优化三光EIA光谱。利用微波场下的Autler-Townes分裂效应和标准天线方法对微波喇叭天线发射的微波电场实现精确的校准，并以此为基础通过超外差接收技术成功探测到本地场与信号场所形成的拍频信号，得到了拍频光电信号与信号场强度之间的线性关系。最终通过实验噪声基底的噪声功率谱得到三红外光里德堡铷原子微波测量的极限灵敏度为37.5(5.5) nV·cm－1/Hz。采用三束红外光激发的方法为研制小型里德堡原子微波电场探测仪器奠定了物理基础。