基于矢量测量和UKBF的飞越小天体自主导航方法研究

以估计航天器和小天体在日心惯性系中的位置和速度为目的,提出了基于视线矢量测量的飞越小天体自主导航方法。该方法利用导航相机和激光高度计构建航天器到目标天体的视线矢量,同时为避免系统方程线性化和离散化所带来的模型误差,采用UKBF (Unscented Kalman\|Bucy Filter)算法对相应位置和速度进行估计。分析了导航系统的能观性,并以坦普尔一号为目标天体进行仿真验证,理论分析和仿真结果皆表明了方法的有效性和可行性。
     

基于GPS的低轨伴飞卫星自主导航轨道确定

对基于EKF算法的相对导航滤波器和基于全球卫星定位系统(GPS)伪距测量的伴飞星定轨进行了研究。用几何法与相对动力学方法联合获得目标星轨道信息,给出了伴飞卫星伪距测量定位的模型。仿真结果表明:该定轨方法可用于低轨卫星实时定位导航,定轨精度较高。     

一种基于信息融合的深空巡航段自主导航算法

针对自主光学导航在深空巡航段应用中的问题,提出了一种基于信息融合的自主导航算法。由太阳敏感器测量获得太阳相对探测器的视线矢量,由分光计测量获得探测器相对太阳的径向速度,构建自主导航系统的两种信息观测方程;由基于状态估计误差协方差阵奇异值动态确定信息分配因子,用信息融合技术和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实时估计探测器的位置与速度。对深度撞击任务的实际飞行数据的数值仿真结果表明:自主导航算法的轨道确定精度满足深空巡航段要求。     

基于星间测距的卫星自主导航中异常值剔除方法

在星间观测值数据传输中,由于种种因素有个别值与其他值截然不同,对定轨精度造成了严重的影响,必须对这些违反测量过程规律的异常测量值进行剔除。提出一种运用轨道积分器与设定随时间实时变化的门限值对星间距离观测值进行异常值剔除的方法。仿真结果表明,这种异常值剔除方法能够成功剔除观测误差大于等于180m的异常值,较精确、实时地剔除了对定轨结果影响较大的异常值,在卫星导航领域具有一定的应用价值。     

一种图像辅助火星着陆段自主导航方法

针对未来深空探测软着陆高精度实时导航的需求,提出了一种图像辅助的自主导航方案。首先通过下降段图像与落点区域地形匹配,获得着陆器相对于落点的位置和姿态;然后基于误差Kalman模型估计着陆器的状态误差,修正惯性导航的结果;在图像信息不可用的情况下,只进行惯性递推导航;这种方案既提高了导航的精度,也能保证实时性的要求。 数值仿真验证了该方案的可行性,该方案对未来实际工程任务具有很大的参考价值。     

Autonomous navigation to quasi-periodic orbits near translunar libration points

Libration-point missions have been very useful and successful. Due to the unstable nat-ures of most of these orbits, the long-time stationkeeping demands frequent maneuvers and precise orbit determinat...     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe using X-ray pulsars: Modeling and results

Autonomous navigation of Mars probe is a main challenge due to the lack of dense ground tracking network measurements. In this paper, autonomous navigation of the Mars probe Orbits is investigated using the X-ray pulsars. A group of X-ray pulsars with high ranging accuracy are selected based on their properties and an adaptive extended Kalman filter is developed to incorporate the Mars probe dynamics and pulsar-based ranging measurements. Results of numerical experiment show that the three-dimensional positioning accuracy can achieve 750m in X-axis, 220m in Y-axis and 230m in Z-axis, which is much better than the positioning results by current Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) or Doppler observations with the accuracy of 150 km or several kilometers, respectively.     

GNSS中基于双星故障的RAIM中的数学关系

从理论上推导全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)中基于双星故障的接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)中的两个基本定理,为基于双星故障的RAIM技术提供了理论支撑。第一个定理给出了RAIM中奇偶矢量与导航误差的关系,指出了两者的统计独立性,它表明只能通过多次测量的累积以统计方法得到导航定位精度;第二个定理指出可通过偏差修正方式得到正确的导航解。这两个结论与单星故障假设条件下得到的结论是相同的,这就表明,基于单星故障假设的RAIM方法,其基本原理是可以通用于双星以至于多星故障情形的,只需在具体操作上进行适应性改进。另外,推导方法本身也提供了一种进行GNSS分析的有力工具。     

基于GNSS掩星资料的风云卫星微波载荷产品质量验证与分析

聚焦新一代国产极轨气象卫星微波载荷和全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)掩星临边观测的探测机理,及其各自仪器的性能指标和在轨运行的特点,利用2019年1月1日到12月31日的全球数据,开展基于GNSS掩星资料的风云气象卫星微波观测亮温对比和反演廓线产品质量检验研究。在匹配数据时间分辨率为30 min和经纬度分辨率为0.5°的情况下,亮温偏差小于5 K,大气温湿度探测精度分别为1.92 K和22.8%,同时分析了2019年青藏高原地区大气温湿度的时空分布规律。结果表明:风云气象卫星微波辐射计具有全球全天候探测大气温湿度的功能,在近地面具有丰富的反演数据,而对于GNSS掩星探测资料,3 km以上探测精度优于微波湿度计,近地面数据较少,两者联合,既可以互相补充和验证,又能以青藏高原为例,分析长时间序列气象和气候数据,为后续的气候研究提供基础数据集。