深空着陆器随机优化制导律设计

针对导航估计误差对制导精度的不利影响,提出了一种随机优化制导设计方法。该方法将导航估计性能作为优化项引入制导设计过程中,通过对观测轨迹的优化设计,使视觉导航估计精度得到提高,进而改善了制导性能;同时,引入单步超前优化方法减少迭代运算量。将其应用于深空探测着陆任务,仿真结果表明与传统估计最优制导方法相比,该随机优化制导律有效降低了估计误差给制导系统带来的不利影响,使着陆器导航与制导系统整体性能得到改善提高。     

YH-1火星探测器设计及研制进展

介绍了中国首颗YH-1火星探测器的任务功能、组成和主要技术指标。给出了探测器设计中的火星探测超低温适应、深空探测自主姿态确定与控制、超远距离通信、休眠唤醒和剩磁控制等关键技术,以及相应的解决途径。试验和验证结果表明：YH-1火星探测器的设计满足火星探测特殊环境的任务要求。其设计和试验技术可直接用于我国其他深空探测项目,为后续深空探测积累了经验。     

导航卫星天线收发系统耦合分析与仿真

导航卫星天线系统由接收天线系统和发射天线系统组成,发射天线系统为多频段工作模式。接收天线系统为单频段工作模式。当多个频段的信号经过发射天线系统后的三阶无源互调产物落入接收天线系统工作带宽内时,如果无源互调电平大于接收信号电平,则将严重影响导航卫星接收系统的正常工作。为此,应尽量提高发射天线与接收天线之间的隔离度,使已产生的无源互调电平得到有效衰减,从而不影响正常接收信号的工作。文章从微波网络JS散射矩阵出发,结合电磁场专用软件,给出了两种卫星平台上的发射和接收天线之间隔离度的仿真分析结果,为导航卫星天线布局提供依据。     

基于GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的可行性分析

研究利用GPS对地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器进行导航的方法,分析了飞行器在转移过程中可用的GPS卫星数目,在地心惯性坐标系下建立了惯导误差和GPS的伪距、伪距变率模型,采用渐消因子的自适应卡尔曼滤波对飞行器进行组合导航.仿真结果表明,可用GPS卫星的数目随着飞行器高度的增高而减少,因此无法利用单一历元观测信息直接对飞行器导航.但采用多历元观测信息和动力学模型相结合的滤波方法可对飞行器进行组合导航,当飞行器初始位置偏差为1 km,初始速度偏差为1 m/s,伪距及伪距变率观测均方差分别为10 m和0.05 m/s时,地球同步轨道自动转移飞行器的最终位置偏差小于50 m,速度偏差小于0.02 m/s.      

基于X射线脉冲星的航天器自主导航数值分析研究木

基于X射线脉冲星的天文自主导航方法稳定、可靠、精度高.是航天器自主导航领域重要的发展方向.论文介绍了基于X射线脉冲星导航的基本原理,给出了脉冲星自主定位的滤波模型;基于扩展卡尔曼滤波导航算法,以地球同步轨道为例,分析了不同初始误差、轨道倾角、轨道偏心率以及不同脉冲星方位误差下的导航精度.仿真算例表明,在脉冲星方位误差为0.001"、脉冲到达时间测量误差为0.1μs的情况下,导航定位精度优于1 km,且对初始误差不敏感;脉冲星方位精度、脉冲计时精度、轨道面位置和轨道偏心率是影响导航精度的主要因素.     

非合作目标的自主接近控制律研究

主要研究了针对非合作航天器的自主交会和拦截两种接近模式的控制律。根据非线性相对运动方程,采用李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)方法设计了自主交会的控制律;并对该控制律进行了改进,使其适用于拦截模式,能以一定的相对速度接近目标。同时针对非合作目标存在机动的情况,采用Lyapunov最小-最大方法设计了自主接近的控制律。仿真结果证明了基于Lyapunov方法的自主接近控制律的有效性。     

地月转移轨道自主导航算法研究

本文给出一种地月转移段的自主导航算法。以紫外敏感器输出的月心像素和月心距等信息为观测量,利用基于UD分解的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法确定探测器的轨道。仿真结果表明,基于紫外敏感器的地月转移段自主导航是可行的,引入单程多普勒测速的组合导航算法可以有效地提高导航精度与收敛速度。     

Single crater-aided inertial navigation for autonomous asteroid landing

In this paper, a novel crater-aided inertial navigation approach for autonomous asteroid landing mission is developed. It overcomes the major deficiencies of existing approaches in the literature, which mainly focuses on the case where craters are abundant in the camera field of view. As a result, traditional crater based methods require at least three craters to achieve crater matching, which limits their application in final landing phase where craters are scarce in the camera’s field of view. In contrast, the proposed algorithm enables single crater based crater matching based on a novel 2D-3D crater re-projection model. The re-projection model adopts inertial measurements as a reference, and re-projects the 3D crater model onto descent images to achieve the matching to its counterpart. An asteroid landing simulation toolbox is developed to validate the performance of the proposed approach. Through comparison with the state-of-the-art local image feature and crater based navigation algorithms, the proposed approach is validated to achieve a competitive performance in terms of feature matching and pose estimation accuracy with a much lighter computational cost.     

考虑脉冲星角位置误差修正的XNAV算法研究

航天器X射线脉冲星自主导航(XNAV)依赖于精确的时间测量与转换, 而脉冲星角位置误差会影响时间转换精度从而对导航精度产生不可忽视的影响. 本文在对XNAV算法的研究中, 采用了真实的脉冲星角位置误差. 通过将脉冲星角位置加入滤波器状态进行滤波处理来降低脉冲星角位置误差, 从而降低其对导航精度的影响. 仿真结果表明, 该方法能够有效抑制脉冲星角位置误差对导航精度的影响, 保证了导航精度, 研究结果对于XNAV的工程应用具有一定理论参考价值.      

Analytical long-term evolution and perturbation compensation models for BeiDou MEO satellites

The current paper establishes the analytical models of the long-term evolution and perturbation compensation strategy for Medium Earth Orbits(MEO)shallow-resonant navigation constellation,with application to the Chinese Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).The long-term perturbation model for the relative motion is developed based on the Hamiltonian model,and the long-term evolution law is analyzed.The relationship between the control boundary of the constellation and the offset of the orbital elements is analyzed,and a general analytical method for calculating the offset of the orbit elements is proposed.The analytical model is further improved when the luni-solar perturbations are included.The long-term evolutions of the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years are illustrated,and the effectiveness of the proposed analytical perturbation compensation calculation approach is compared with the traditional numerical results.We found the fundamental reason for the nonlinear variations of the relative longitude of ascending node and the mean argument of latitude is the long-periodic variations of the orbital inclination due to the luni-solar perturbations.The proposed analytical approach can avoid the numerical iterations,and reveal the essential relationship between the orbital element offsets and the secular drifts of the constellation configuration.Moreover,there is no need for maintaining the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years while using the perturbation compensation method.