射线计算机成像技术在发动机变壁厚产品检测中的试验研究

针对液体火箭发动机离心轮、涡轮静子等厚度变化大的复杂激光选区熔化成形（SLM）钢构件在常规X射线胶片照相检测（RT）时,由于胶片的宽容度低造成的检测覆盖率低,存在漏检质量隐患的问题,采用射线计算机成像技术（CR）对该类变截面厚度差在5～20 mm内的钢构件进行检测。结果表明,CR检测图像宽容度是胶片照相检测的3倍,检测覆盖率高;以离心轮线状缺陷CR检测为例,且通过CT和理化检测验证证明,CR检测具有与胶片照相检测基本一致的缺陷检测灵敏度、可靠性。     

自适应机翼翼型变形的研究现状及关键技术

自适应机翼具有巨大的应用潜力,是未来飞机设计的必然趋势,已经得到了广泛的关注。分别从自适应变弯度前缘、自适应变弯度后缘以及变厚度机翼三个方面阐述了其变形原理,并对使用的蒙皮、驱动方式、研究方法等进行了归纳总结,指出了未来的发展趋势,提出了自适应机翼亟需解决的关键技术,包括兼具大变形和高承载功能的柔性蒙皮的设计、自适应驱动系统设计、协同控制系统的设计、分布式传感器网络,可为自适应机翼结构的设计与实现途径提供一定的技术参考。     

某型涡轴发动机高低温起动性能试验与分析

开展了采用RP-3燃油和RP-5燃油的涡轴发动机高低温起动性能对比试验。分析了不同环境温度下转子的阻力矩和电动机扭矩的变化规律,指出了当前计算方法的局限性;对比了环境温度、燃油种类、燃油流量对发动机起动性能的影响,摸索出了该型发动机低温起动极限温度。试验结果表明:随着温度降低,滑油黏度增大,转子阻力矩增大,发动机带转转速和转子自转时间显著降低;在极限低温条件下,两种燃油对涡轴发动机起动性能影响非常大,而在高温条件下,采用上述两种燃油,发动机起动性能基本一致;该型发动机采用RP-3燃油能在-40 ℃环境下成功起动,而采用RP-5燃油,经过调油等措施最终只能在-20 ℃环境下成功起动;在一定范围内,增加燃油流量,能改善发动机采用RP-5燃油的起动能力。研究结论为同类发动机高低温试验提供了参考。      

基于Hankel阵的荧光油膜灰度与厚度预测模型改进

针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度关系数据采集方法较为繁琐、耗时耗力这一问题,研究了基于Hankel阵的系统辨识算法,并在此基础提出了Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型等两种改进方法,利用了极少数据量建立模型,实现了对其余未知荧光油膜厚度值的预测,且保持了较高的精度。试验结果表明:基于极少数据量建模以预测该数据量外的数据点这一特殊背景下,插值法的外插能力显得并不适用。而传统Hankel阵预测模型的预测精度为76.69%,Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型的预测精度分别为85.69%和89.25%,较之传统方法预测精度分别提高了9%和12.56%,为荧光油流技术领域针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度建模问题提供了一种可行技术路线,具有一定的实际工程应用意义。      

Framework and development of data-driven physics based model with application in dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling

In the manufacturing of thin wall components for aerospace industry, apart from the side wall contour error, the Remaining Bottom Thickness Error (RBTE) for the thin-wall pocket component (e.g. rocket shell) is of the same importance but overlooked in current research. If the RBTE reduces by 30%, the weight reduction of the entire component will reach up to tens of kilograms while improving the dynamic balance performance of the large component. Current RBTE control requires the off-process measurement of limited discrete points on the component bottom to provide the reference value for compensation. This leads to incompleteness in the remaining bottom thickness control and redundant measurement in manufacturing. In this paper, the framework of data-driven physics based model is proposed and developed for the real-time prediction of critical quality for large components, which enables accurate prediction and compensation of RBTE value for the thin wall components. The physics based model considers the primary root cause, in terms of tool deflection and clamping stiffness induced Axial Material Removal Thickness (AMRT) variation, for the RBTE formation. And to incorporate the dynamic and inherent coupling of the complicated manufacturing system, the multi-feature fusion and machine learning algorithm, i.e. kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) and kernel Support Vector Regression (kSVR), are incorporated with the physics based model. Therefore, the proposed data-driven physics based model combines both process mechanism and the system disturbance to achieve better prediction accuracy. The final verification experiment is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling, and the prediction accuracy of AMRT achieves 0.014 mm and 0.019 mm for straight and corner milling, respectively.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

剪切对凝胶汽油表观粘度影响的实验研究

采用超声波震荡和机械搅拌的方式,制备了以SiO2为凝胶剂的凝胶汽油QNJ?1和QNJ?2,利用旋转式流变仪对QNJ?1和QNJ?2的表观粘度进行了实验研究。研究了凝胶剂含量、剪切速率以及预剪切对凝胶汽油表观粘度的影响,获得了该种类型的凝胶汽油在不同剪切速率下的表观粘度。实验表明,随着凝胶剂含量的增加,表观粘度增大,在低剪切速率条件下尤为明显;当凝胶剂含量相同时,表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而减小,且减小幅度越来越小;预剪切能够显著降低凝胶汽油的表观粘度。研究结果对于进一步了解凝胶汽油粘度对雾化的影响具有重要意义。     

导弹弹射系统中缓冲制动锥的轴向冲击特性

针对壁厚线性变化制动锥的冲击力学特性,基于轴压力学模型,提出了等效速度概念,在综合考虑材料应变强化和应变率效应的条件下,按等效壁厚、等效速度条件下的分段能量等效原理得到了制动锥轴向冲击力学模型,并采用理论分析、有限元计算和实验研究相结合的方式研究了弹射系统中缓冲制动锥的冲击皱褶形成形态、冲击压缩量和缓冲力学特性,3种方法得到的结果基本一致,验证了所提模型的正确。所提出的制动锥轴向冲击力学模型可为制动锥的初步设计、实验规划以及武器系统的发射动力学分析提供参考。     

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度在线测量系统

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度的实时高精度测量是实现对锂电涂层厚度控制的前提。针对在生产过程中的锂离子电池极片涂层厚度动态、非接触、高精度的测量要求,设计了一种基于非接触式电容传感器进行微位移测量的在线式测量系统。介绍了传感器结构及测量电路基本原理,搭建了适用于锂离子电池极片涂层厚度测量的硬件系统,开发了可用于数据采集、线性校正、数据记录的基于虚拟仪器技术的测试系统。经测试,该传感器的分辨力为0.1μm,现场长期运行证明该系统满足生产的测量要求。     

可变后缘弯度机翼柔性蒙皮的变形特性分析

应用面元法和有限法建立了柔性蒙皮在气动载荷作用下的流固耦合分析方法。数值仿真结果表明:位于变形后缘上表面的柔性蒙皮在气动载荷作用下将被"吸"成鼓包形状,且这个局部变形对翼型后缘部分的压力分布具有很大影响。在此基础上,研究了柔性蒙皮在气动载荷作用下的变形随其弹性模量、厚度和初始预应变的变化规律。可以得出,柔性蒙皮的变形量随着翼型后缘偏角的增加而先增大后减小,并不是随着后缘偏角的增加而增大;增加蒙皮的厚度可以减少柔性蒙皮的最小弹性模量和最小拉伸刚度,但蒙皮的厚度受限于机翼的结构空间;满足Jacobs形变准则的蒙皮最小拉伸刚度随着蒙皮预应变的增加而降低。