Analysis of the data processing strategies of spherical harmonic expansion model on global ionosphere mapping for moderate solar activity

Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map.     

嫦娥四号动力下降段图像可视化传输方案

针对嫦娥四号降落相机在动力下降段的图像可视化传输需求和深空通信下行数传信道带宽受限的矛盾，文章提出了一种动力下降段速率自适应的可视化图像传输方案，对如何保证降落相机图像下传的实时性、完整性、速率自适应性等关键问题进行了讨论，并对方案中涉及的抽帧回放算法、帧格式识别方法、合路调度算法等关键技术进行了详细说明。同时，文中给出了该方案在嫦娥四号在轨的验证情况，结果表明，在数传通信速率受限的情况下该方案实现了降落相机图像的存储管理和可视化下传，具有实时性高、速率自适应、图像下传完整等特点，可以为其他航天器数据管理系统设计提供参考。     

A comparative study of ionospheric IRIEup and ISP assimilative models during some intense and severe geomagnetic storms

Three-dimensional (3-D) electron density matrices, computed in the Mediterranean area by the IRI climatological model and IRIEup and ISP nowcasting models, during some intense and severe geomagnetic-ionospheric storms, were ingested by the ray tracing software tool IONORT, to synthesize quasi-vertical ionograms. IRIEup model was run in different operational modes: (1) assimilating validated autoscaled electron density profiles only from a limited area which, in our case, is the Mediterranean sector (IRIEup_re(V) mode); (2) assimilating electron density profiles from a larger region including several stations spread across Europe: (a) without taking care of validating the autoscaled data in the assimilation process (IRIEup(NV)); (b) validating carefully the autoscaled electron density profiles before their assimilation (IRIEup(V)).The comparative analysis was carried out comparing IRI, IRIEup_re(V), ISP, IRIEup(NV), and IRIEup(V) foF2 synthesized values, with corresponding foF2 measurements autoscaled by ARTIST, and then validated, at the truth sites of Roquetes (40.80°N, 0.50°E, Spain), San Vito (40.60°N, 17.80°E, Italy), Athens (38.00°N, 23.50°E, Greece), and Nicosia, (35.03°N, 33.16°E, Cyprus). The outcomes demonstrate that: (1) IRIEup_re(V), performs better than ISP in the western Mediterranean (around Roquetes); (2) ISP performs slightly better than IRIEup_re(V) in the central part of Mediterranean (around Athens and San Vito); (3) ISP performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one in the eastern Mediterranean (around Nicosia); (4) IRIEup(NV) performance is worse than the IRIEup(V) one; (5) in the central Mediterranean area, IRIEup(V) performance is better than the IRIEup_re(V) one, and it is practically the same for the western and eastern sectors.Concerning the overall performance, nowcasting models proved to be considerably more reliable than the climatological IRI model to represent the ionosphere behaviour during geomagnetic-ionospheric storm conditions; ISP and IRIEup(V) provided the best performance, but neither of them has clearly prevailed over the other one.     

微阴极真空电弧点火起弧及加速机理研究综述

微阴极真空电弧推力器具有结构简单、重量轻、功耗低、比冲高等优点，因而在航天推进领域有着广阔应用前景.当前推力器设计研制、可靠性和寿命的提高等方面遇到的一些关键问题均与微阴极真空电弧放电过程的基本物理问题密切相关.对微阴极电弧推力器运行中涉及的电子发射、电极间起弧过程、阴极斑点形成及特点、烧蚀和形貌变化、电极间等离子体射流加速过程进行了梳理，相关认识可以为今后进一步开展微阴极电弧推力器的设计优化、性能提高奠定基础.     

Nanofillers modification of Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy for bonded joints

Epocast 50-A1/946 epoxy was primarily developed for joining and repairing of composite aircraft structural components. The objective of the present work is to modify the Epocast epoxy resin by different nanofillers infusion. The used nanofillers include multi-walled carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs）, SiC and Al2O3 nanoparticles. The nanofillers with different weight percentages are ultrasonically dispersed in the epoxy resin. The sonication time and amplitude for MWCNTs are reduced compared to Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles to avoid the damage of MWCNTs during sonication processes. The fabricated neat epoxy and twelve nanocomposite panels were characterized via standard tension and in-plane shear tests. The experimental results show that the nanocomposites materials with 0.5wt% MWCNTs, 1.5wt% SiC and 1.5wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles have the highest improvement in the tensile properties compared to the other nanofiller loading percentages.The improvements in the shear properties of these nanocomposite materials were respectively equal to 5.5%, 4.9%, and 6.3% for shear strengths, and 10.3%, 16.0%, and 8.1% for shear moduli. The optimum nanofiller loading percentages will be used in the following papers concerning their effect on the bonded joints/repairs of carbon fiber reinforced composites.     

Electron density inversed by plasma lines induced by suprathermal electron in the ionospheric modification experiment

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is the most powerful ground-based measurement facility to study the ionosphere. The plasma lines are not routinely detected by the incoherent scatter radar due to the low intensity, which falls below the measured spectral noise level of the incoherent scatter radar. The plasma lines are occasionally enhanced by suprathermal electrons through the Landau damping process and detectable to the incoherent scatter radar. In this study, by using the European Incoherent Scatter Association (EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar, the experiment observation presents that the enhanced plasma lines were observed. These plasma lines were considered as manifest of the suprathermal electrons generated by the high-frequency heating wave during the ionospheric modification. The electron density profile is also obtained from the enhanced plasma lines. This study can be a promising technique for obtaining the accurate electron density during ionospheric modification experiment.     

机载综合无线电平台的中频数据传输总线优选分析

在综合无线电平台中，根据硬件平台通用化要求，需要选择一种总线同时满足CNI 不同波形的中频 数据传输对延时、带宽和误码率的要求。本文针对不加协议的GTX 和加上高速串行通信协议的Aurora、SRIO 进行测试，得到这三种高速串行总线在延时、带宽和误码率的对比分析，从而选择一种总线作为多波形综合的 中频数据传输总线。     

电子束物理气相沉积LaZrCeO热障涂层微结构与热循环性能

热障涂层(thermal barrier coatings,TBCs)是一种由金属黏结层、热生长氧化物层和陶瓷面层组成的金属-陶瓷复合系统,在先进的航空发动机领域上引起了广泛的关注,但目前先进热障涂层的热循环寿命提升和失效行为研究仍然是一个难点。本研究采用电子束物理气相沉积技术(electron beam physical vapour deposition,EB-PVD)制备LaZrCeO/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层,研究热障涂层的相结构、显微组织和失效行为。结果表明:LaZrCeO/YSZ涂层为烧绿石与萤石结构组成的复合涂层材料,LaZrCeO/YSZ涂层的微观结构由羽毛状纳米结构和柱内孔隙组成;在1100℃热循环条件下,LaZrCeO/YSZ双陶瓷层热障涂层展现了良好的热循环寿命;热循环实验后,由于应力累积的作用裂纹在热生长氧化层(TGO)中萌生并扩展,包括水平裂纹和垂直裂纹两大类,进而引起整个涂层体系的不稳定,最终导致涂层失效。     

某直升机齿轮传动系统的瞬态热分析

提出了传动系统瞬态温度场的分析方法,建立了失去润滑条件下传动系统功率损失及对流换热系数的计算模型,该模型考虑了失去润滑后传动系统热状态参数的时变特征。在稳态热分析的基础上,求解了某直升机齿轮传动系统的瞬态温度场,为该传动系统生存能力的预测提供了理论依据。      

一个太阳硬X射线爆的观测特性

本文分析了1981年4月27日的一个特大高能爆发。它在硬X射线(HXR)、γ射线和微波(MW)记录上显示一一对应的多脉冲结构。文中讨论了这些脉冲的寿命、时延与HXR的能量、MW的波长之间的关系,发现时延量与湍动加速所预期的值相符合。提出了各脉冲期间的谱呈软→硬→软的演化,可能是由高能电子受到加速的看法。还对产生HXR的高能电子的谱指数、电子总数和MW源区的磁场也作了估计。