基于确定接触迹线的点接触齿轮副构建及实验

提出一种点接触齿轮副,在已知齿面上根据设计需要确定接触迹线,推导其共轭曲线,将齿廓曲线沿共轭曲线扫掠后形成轮齿齿面,构建与已知齿轮正确啮合的配对齿轮,并推导该齿轮副的滑动系数计算方法;以渐开线内齿轮为已知齿轮,设计以抛物线齿面作为轮齿齿面的配对齿轮,进行齿轮样机制造和效率实验研究。结果表明,该齿轮副在啮合过程中时刻保持点接触状态,啮合点沿着理论接触迹线移动,与理论分析一致;滑动系数的大小取决于齿轮两端选取啮入点和啮出点所对应的渐开线参数值范围;实验后齿轮副实际接触迹线与理论接触迹线一致,且效率稳定在97.2%~98.5%。      

风洞侧壁干扰对机翼表面霜冰的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同阻塞度下侧壁干扰对NACA0012翼型表面霜冰生长的影响。通过对流场和水滴撞击特性的研究发现:侧壁干扰会压缩来流空气,致使更多水滴跟随气流向机翼前缘汇集,增大了翼面水滴收集系数,且翼面水滴总收集量与阻塞度成正比、与液滴雷诺数成反比;同时会改变水滴的撞击方向,使水滴撞击极限和最大水收集系数的位置发生偏移。采用多步法对结冰特性的研究发现:在基准计算工况下,当阻塞度为20%时,侧壁干扰效应带来结冰量的相对附加增量约为16%;在同一阻塞度下,各时间步长内的结冰相对附加增量基本相等。提出了一种表征侧壁干扰对水滴收集影响强弱的因子,该影响因子与水滴收集相对附加增量具有较高的线性关系。      

基于Hankel阵的荧光油膜灰度与厚度预测模型改进

针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度关系数据采集方法较为繁琐、耗时耗力这一问题,研究了基于Hankel阵的系统辨识算法,并在此基础提出了Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型等两种改进方法,利用了极少数据量建立模型,实现了对其余未知荧光油膜厚度值的预测,且保持了较高的精度。试验结果表明:基于极少数据量建模以预测该数据量外的数据点这一特殊背景下,插值法的外插能力显得并不适用。而传统Hankel阵预测模型的预测精度为76.69%,Hankel阵误差修正模型和Hankel阵高阶迭代误差修正模型的预测精度分别为85.69%和89.25%,较之传统方法预测精度分别提高了9%和12.56%,为荧光油流技术领域针对荧光油膜灰度与厚度建模问题提供了一种可行技术路线,具有一定的实际工程应用意义。      

基于多目标的二冲程发动机换气过程优化

二冲程航空活塞发动机的换气过程直接影响燃烧效果和发动机性能,以某二冲程航空活塞发动机为例,建立仿真模型,基于动力性能、经济性能、扫气性能进行多目标优化,对扫气道、排气道结构参数的不同组合优化分析。另外,还对不同海拔工况点下（转速为5 600 r/min,100%节气门开度）的气道结构参数进行优化。结论表明:使用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对发动机气道结构的优化可以有效提高扫气效率和功率,优化后（转速为5 600 r/min）分别为0.841 kW和2.712 kW,燃油消耗率降低22.08 $\mathrm{g}/(\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}?\mathrm{h})$;另外,在不同海拔工况点中,随着海拔高度的增加扫气道长度呈现出减短的趋势,而排气道长度逐渐增加,且在海拔高度大于1 800 m时趋势变化更加明显。      

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

简析PW1100G进气道唇口蒙皮损伤修理

以PW1100G发动机进气道为例,简析其主要结构特点,总结整理典型唇口蒙皮损伤的修理方法,并结合实际维修过程中的经验数据,对不同程度损伤修理方法的选用进行梳理。     

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

Framework and development of data-driven physics based model with application in dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling

In the manufacturing of thin wall components for aerospace industry, apart from the side wall contour error, the Remaining Bottom Thickness Error (RBTE) for the thin-wall pocket component (e.g. rocket shell) is of the same importance but overlooked in current research. If the RBTE reduces by 30%, the weight reduction of the entire component will reach up to tens of kilograms while improving the dynamic balance performance of the large component. Current RBTE control requires the off-process measurement of limited discrete points on the component bottom to provide the reference value for compensation. This leads to incompleteness in the remaining bottom thickness control and redundant measurement in manufacturing. In this paper, the framework of data-driven physics based model is proposed and developed for the real-time prediction of critical quality for large components, which enables accurate prediction and compensation of RBTE value for the thin wall components. The physics based model considers the primary root cause, in terms of tool deflection and clamping stiffness induced Axial Material Removal Thickness (AMRT) variation, for the RBTE formation. And to incorporate the dynamic and inherent coupling of the complicated manufacturing system, the multi-feature fusion and machine learning algorithm, i.e. kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) and kernel Support Vector Regression (kSVR), are incorporated with the physics based model. Therefore, the proposed data-driven physics based model combines both process mechanism and the system disturbance to achieve better prediction accuracy. The final verification experiment is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling, and the prediction accuracy of AMRT achieves 0.014 mm and 0.019 mm for straight and corner milling, respectively.     

尾缘锯齿结构的降噪物理机制实验

对比分析了常规尾缘翼型与锯齿尾缘翼型尾缘湍流流场的基本特征,并通过线阵列的方法测量了两种尾缘结构的噪声.结果表明:锯齿尾缘翼型尾缘湍流流场的湍流强度以及3个方向上的湍流强度都相比于常规尾缘翼型有显著减少,声场结果显示锯齿尾缘翼型对尾缘噪声有显著减小,对前缘噪声影响很小.锯齿结构加宽了尾迹区域并加快了大涡的破碎,产生了额外的马蹄涡,湍流脉动衰减率沿着流动方向变大.      

机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的拓扑优化

针对机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的多目标拓扑优化问题,分析了柔性支撑结构的优化目标及目标函数,并采用位矩阵表示机翼后缘柔性支撑结构,利用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对该优化问题进行了求解。在优化过程中,引入连通性分析和相似个体过滤,借助ANSYS对可行个体进行有限元分析(FEA),获得了结构质量、变形性能和承载能力等目标值。通过MATLAB对违约个体进行惩罚,实现了位矩阵表示的NSGA-Ⅱ,得到了一组互不支配的机翼后缘柔性支撑优化结构,可根据实际需求选择这些相应的拓扑结构。结果表明,本方法可为机翼后缘柔性支撑结构的拓扑优化提供可行、有效的解。