双流制窄轨电力机车用异步牵引电机设计

将牵引电机应用于双流制窄轨电力机车时,由于窄轨机车轨距小,所以牵引电机安装空间异常狭小,比一般牵引电机在安装空间、电机结构、电磁负荷等方面的要求更加苛刻。针对窄轨双流制电力机车的运用特点和特殊要求进行了分析,提出了牵引电机的设计要求和关键技术难点,并对关键技术难点给出了相应的分析和解决措施。对该牵引电机的制造过程及电机试验测试情况进行了论述。试验结果表明,该牵引电机达到了设计预期,完全能满足设计要求。     

宏指令在变螺距螺旋轨迹编程中的应用

以一个现实的零件,表述了宏指令在变螺距螺旋加工中的运用,利用函数的合成,循环语句的运用,细致而详细地描述了程序编制的整个过程。对于复杂空间曲线,若能建立函数的关系,通过宏指令的运用,也能手动编制出简洁的复杂轨迹,且应用面广,程序段直观而清晰,更具可读性。     

级负荷系数为0.42的小流量轴流压气机 设计与试验验证

由于受限于“尺寸效应”,负荷增大使中小航空发动机压气机性能降低的特征较为明显,这对高负荷压气机设计提出了更大挑战.为深入研究小流量、高负荷轴流压气机,提出了2级高负荷轴流压气机的设计原则和总体要求.针对平均级负荷系数为0.42的高负荷特点,采用强根部、大反力度、低展弦比、叶片端弯和悬臂静子等气动设计方法以提高压气机性能.用全3D数值模拟方法对设计结果进行了校核,分析了其性能和流场结构.为了对设计、计算结果进行验证确认,对压气机进行了试验测量,计算与试验结果吻合良好.结果表明:高负荷轴流压气机设计点的压比为2.73,绝热效率为0.865,综合裕度为15.3％,达到了设计指标要求.     

火花放电合成射流与超声速来流相互干扰特性数值模拟研究

为了指导火花放电式合成射流激励器在超声速流动控制中的应用,数值模拟研究了火花放电合成射流与超声速来流的相互干扰特性。研究表明火花放电式合成射流在超声速流场中产生强烈扰动,产生较强的激波结构;随着射流的喷出,激励器上游分离区和流场中激波呈先增强后减弱的趋势,激波由弓形激波逐渐弱化为斜激波,并且随着放电能量的增加射流与主流的动量通量比不断增大,射流的干扰和控制能力显著增强。由于超声速流的较大惯性及其对腔内气体的引射作用,激励器的腔体回填速率大幅下降、回填时间明显增长,使得激励器的工作频率受到很大限制。     

侧载及加热方位对槽道内临界热流密度影响

为了研究侧载以及加热方位对矩形窄缝槽道内临界热流密度特性的影响,在旋转平台上进行了两相流的超重力实验.以蒸馏水为工质,通过改变质量流速、入口温度、侧载大小以及加热方位,获得了发生临界换热现象时的质量流速、实验段压降和壁温的变化趋势,考察了侧载和加热方位对临界热流密度的影响规律,并对侧载下两相流不稳定性进行了简析.实验表明:发生临界换热时,壁温迅速上升,有效加热热流开始减少,关闭加热电源后,实验段压降下降、质量流速回升较明显;侧载以及不同的加热方位对临界热流密度有明显影响;临界热流密度发生前后,蒸汽回流导致进口温度上升,增加了流动的不稳定性.      

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

基于传热反问题方法的N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究

测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。     

级间进出口几何角度对压气机气动性能和封严效果的影响

为了削弱级间泄漏流对压气机性能的不利影响,提出了一种基于Coanda型几何进出口的级间结构,并以一个亚声速单级轴流压气机为研究对象,数值模拟了5°,10°,20°三种不同级间进出口几何角度对压气机性能的影响。结果表明:改进后的级间进出口几何结构使得压气机流量和效率均略有提升。分析原因是级间出口泄漏流以较小角度与主流汇合,增大了静叶进口气流的轴向速度、径向速度,使得静子通道流动堵塞程度减轻,总压损失减小,扩压能力增强。同时,新结构还减小了级间泄漏流的流量系数,改善了级间封严效果。5°,10°,20°角度下的压气机效率最大分别提升了0.68%,0.63%,0.62%。     

CONTROL OF TWO DIMENSIONAL JETS USING MINIATURE ZERO MASS FLUX JETS

Zero mass flux jets, synthesized by acoustic actuators, have been used for the purpose of jet mixing enhancement and jet vectoring. Zero mass flux jets composed of entirely entrained fluid allow momentum transfer into the embedding flow. In the present experiments, miniature-scale high aspect ratio actuator jets are placed along the long sides and near the exit plane of a primary two-dimensional jet. In different modes, the primary jet can be vectored either towards or away from the actuator jets and the jet mixing is enhanced. The disturbance of the excitation frequency is developed while the unstable frequency of the primary jet is completely suppressed.     

某型号机襟翼机构摩擦磨损可靠性分析与计算(英文)

本文应用空间机构的建模方法建立了某型号机襟翼机构运动的数学模型。当给出输入参数时，可通过此数学模型求出襟翼机构的理论输出参数。输入参数相同时，通过引入摩擦磨损量至数学模型可获得襟翼机构的实际输出参数，并在此基础上求得襟翼机构的摩擦磨损可靠性。