归一化参数蠕变模型的程序实现与验证

为了准确模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,在通用有限元程序环境下,利用其提供的用户可编程特性工具,将所发展的一种能完整描述蠕变3个阶段变形特征的归一化参数模型编制成用户子程序.考查了子程序计算结果与试验数据的差异、时间步长对计算结果的影响,并对不同规模有限元模型的计算耗时作了对比分析.针对变载(应力、温度)情形,在子程序中实现了时间硬化理论和应变硬化理论,并提出的介于两者之间的相对时间硬化理论.对带孔平板进行了实例计算,表明所发展的模型能够与有限元结果对实际结构进行蠕变模拟,计算结果的规律说明所发展的方法可较好地模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,验证了子程序的有效性.      

基于电永磁技术的对接/分离机构设计

空间对接技术在航天器的补给、维修、维护以及在轨组装等领域发挥了重要作用。针对电磁对接方式存在对接力小、作用距离短、能耗高和锁紧/分离过程繁琐等缺点,设计了一种新型的综合电磁和永磁特性的电永磁对接/分离机构。采用有限元法仿真软件,计算了对接状态不同距离下的磁力与磁感应强度,分离状态下的磁斥力,以及锁紧状态的磁吸力。在体积约束为18 mm×18 mm×3 mm时,设计出锁紧力和分离力约为193 N和26 N的比例模型,并据此制作出结构简单、作用距离远、能耗低的电永磁对接/分离样机及其控制器。     

Derivation and validation of a similarity law for free-flight wind tunnel tests of parallel stage separation

Aiming at the safety problem of the stage separation of parallel reusable high-speed air vehicles, this paper studies the unsteady test method and focuses on deriving a similarity law of parallel stage separation free-flight wind tunnel tests. The new similarity law considers the influences of aerodynamic force and gravity on the motions of the two stages, as well as the influence of aerodynamic interference between the two stages on each other’s motion. From the perspective of multi-angle physical equations, the conditions to ensure that the two-stage separation trajectory of a wind tunnel test is similar to that of a real air vehicle are derived innovatively, so as to ensure the authenticity and credibility of wind tunnel test results. The similarity law is verified by an HIFiRE-5 air vehicle, and the separation trajectories of wind tunnel tests and the real air vehicle are obtained by numerical simulation. The research shows that the similarity law derived in this paper can ensure that wind tunnel free-flight tests have the ability to predict the two-stage separation characteristics of real parallel vehicles. By analyzing the separation trajectory curve of the typical state, it is found that the new method can ensure that the trajectory error of a wind tunnel test does not exceed 1%, which indicates that this method is credible. The establishment of the new method lays the foundation for subsequent wind tunnel tests and provides support for research on the safety of the stage separation of parallel reusable air vehicles.     

压气机静叶栅层流分离泡转捩与角区分离数值模拟与实验

采用γ-Reθ转捩模型对某可控扩散叶型(CDA)平面叶栅全攻角范围进行了三维数值计算，通过对比数值计算结果与叶栅实验吻合较好。在此基础上，分析了进口来流湍流度和雷诺数变化对叶栅表面层流分离、转捩以及角区分离的影响。结果表明:进口湍流度低于5%时，吸力面存在层流分离，当进口湍流度大于5%后，层流分离移除，但转捩会一直存在；随着进口湍流度或雷诺数增加，吸力面和压力面转捩位置均会前移；随着进口湍流度增加，吸力面角区分离会有所减小，雷诺数增加对角区分离的影响不大。      

星箭分离减冲击环结构优化设计

针对星箭分离过程，建立了减冲击环结构模型，并分析了该结构的减冲原理。利用冲击响应谱的时域合成算法计算获得符合冲击谱规范的时域载荷，并以此作为结构优化设计中动力学模型的输入载荷工况。以减冲击环的连续层数、单层支撑块数、连续层厚度、支撑块层高度以及环的外半径和内半径6个结构参数为设计变量，以减冲效果和结构强度、刚度为约束，以质量最轻为目标，建立减冲击环的结构优化设计模型，这是一包含离散变量和连续变量的混合优化问题。为了在跨平台下求解该混合优化问题，采用代理模型策略和自适应模拟退火算法求解，并在最优点处开展结构性能对设计变量的敏度计算，对计算结果进行了分析评估。本研究对强冲击动力学环境下的航天器结构分析与设计有一定的指导意义。     

扩压器对基本级性能的影响

使用数值方法和试验手段研究了带无叶扩压器和不同进口安装角的叶片扩压器对基本级的性能影响.针对带无叶扩压器的基本级，重点研究了近喘振点、设计点、近阻塞点3种工况的内部流动特性，结果表明近喘振点的叶轮叶片进口、叶轮叶片出口、回流叶片背面均存在低速涡流区，而设计点和近阻塞点的流动状态良好，对于近阻塞点，流动速度较大引起的摩擦阻力损失增大，导致了基本级多变效率下降很快；对带单圆弧叶片扩压器的基本级，细致地研究了匹配不同进口安装角的单圆弧叶片扩压器对喘振裕度、阻塞裕度和效率的影响，结果表明:在出口安装角不变的情况下，扩压器进口安装角比设计值降低3°，基本级的多变效率和多变能头系数达到最佳值.      

Influence of sub boundary layer vortex generator height and attack angle on cross-flows in the hub region of compressors

It has been recently shown that Sub Boundary layer Vortex Generator (SBVG, abbreviated as VG hereafter) can suppress the Cross-Flow (CF), and therefore, can eliminate corner separation and increase aerodynamic loading when installed on the end wall inside middle-load compressor passages. However, when VGs are applied in high-load compressors, it is difficult to achieve ideal results. This is because the definition of the VG attack angle in the presence of CF in existing research is confusing, and the stronger CF in high-load compressors worsens the problem and results in an improper design and optimization range of VG attack angle. Therefore, this paper clarifies the definition of the VG attack angle in the presence of CF and reveals the CF controlling mechanism of VG on a flat plate. The differences in the flow phenomena around a VG both with and without CF are also studied. The numerical results show that a larger height or attack angle of the VG generates a greater CF suppression effect. However, the cross velocity increases when surmounting the primary vortex induced by the VG, except that this enhanced CF is less conspicuous for larger VG heights. Compared to the cases without CF, the VG suffers an additional loss because of the stronger separation and primary vortex loss caused by the CF.     

导流块深度对楔形空腔内激波聚焦过程的影响

为研究导流块深度对楔形空腔内径向入射激波聚焦过程的影响,对导流块深度分别为0、5、10、15mm的楔形空腔内激波聚焦的过程开展了实验和数值模拟研究。用高速CCD(charge coupled device)拍摄了楔形空腔中气流流动的纹影照片,用动态压力传感器测量了聚焦过程中流场的压力变化,并用高精度的数值方法对该过程进行了数值模拟研究。通过比较不同导流块深度下激波反射聚焦的过程发现:导流块深度越深,前导激波和压缩波两者聚焦的时间间隔越小,因此增大了激波聚焦的强度和空腔底部的压力峰值。导流块深度会影响二次激波形成的时间和发展程度,从而影响激波聚焦过程中楔形空腔内流场的紊乱程度。      

Aerodynamic characteristics of store during lateral jet assisted separation from cavity using free drop technique

Aimed at the problem of store separation from internal cavity, this paper innovatively puts forward a separation scheme of using lateral jet to assist store safe separation. The jet ensures that the store is continuously subjected to down head moment during separation, so as to ensure safe separation. The wind tunnel free drop test technique with lateral jet is established, which can ensure that there is no support interference in the motion process of the store and more truly simulate the motio...     

太极二号卫星精密热控关键技术及试验验证

针对引力波探测太极二号卫星提出的高稳定度温控需求，开展了高分辨率测温系统和高稳定度热控技术的研究，提出了多级阻尼的热控设计方法，建立了多级阻尼状态空间数学模型，揭示了系统中热量传递特性。该方法在太极二号核心载荷上进行了地面试验验证，试验结果表明核心舱关键仪器的温度满足指标要求。试验结果的噪声分析，不仅验证了精密热控关键技术，而且提出了关于热噪声分析与抑制的新方法，为后续航天器精密热控技术提供了理论分析方法和工程参考依据。