Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

基于EM-KF算法的直升机主减速器剩余寿命预测方法

为解决间接状态监测数据下直升机主减速器剩余寿命预测难以估算的难题,提出了一种卡尔曼滤波和期望最大化算法相结合的剩余寿命预测方法.该方法可以根据不断更新振动信号特征值迅速且有效地估计出模型参数,进而预测不同运行时间主减速器的剩余寿命分布,最后对主减速器试验数据进行了案例分析.结果表明:该方法能够有效估计主减速器的剩余寿命分布,通过与主减速器剩余寿命准确值对比发现,剩余寿命准确值绝大多数落于剩余寿命预测值的95%置信区间内,表明该方法具有好的准确性,进而避免故障的发生.      

面向适航要求的涡轮发动机限寿件概率失效风险评估方法

为了满足适航规章关于民用航空涡轮发动机限寿件的要求,通过综合分区概率统计、应力-强度干涉理论、线弹性断裂力学等方法建立了限寿件失效的概率风险评估数学模型,确定了模型的数值解法,开发了计算程序,并结合咨询通告中所提供的校准算例完成了模型的验证工作.评估结果表明,寿命期内不进行无损探伤检查和在10000循环进行一次检查的限寿件示例失效风险分别为1.45×10-9次/飞行循环和1.0×10-9次/飞行循环,完全符合校准算例,表明了评估方法能够反映适航规章关于限寿件失效风险分析的要求.      

基于负载特征聚类的节能资源调度算法

基础设施即服务(IaaS,Infrastructure as a Service)平台提供商为用户提供高性能服务的同时,必须考虑如何在不违反服务级别协议(SLA,Service Level Agreement)的前提下,节约云平台的能耗成本.采用基于负载特征聚类的方法,提出一种IaaS云平台上保证SLA的资源调度算法,最终实现降低SLA违反率和节约能耗的目标.具体采用能耗相关的负载特征提取和改进K-means聚类分析的研究方法,进行资源调度算法研究,对物理资源进行有效分配,以保证IaaS平台节约能耗的要求.实验验证方面,通过扩展CloudSim模拟实验平台,对本研究算法与改进BFD(Best Fit Decreasing)算法进行比较,得出本研究算法在SLA违反率和节能方面更优.      

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing, more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life. At present, the in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density, good wear resistance and improved strength. It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness, residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material. In this study, the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness, residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites were analyzed. It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites. The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress. However, the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270 °C. An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins, river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.     

基于北斗的连续运行卫星定位综合服务平台设计及其应用

面向北斗导航卫星系统的应用,提出建设基于北斗的连续运行卫星定位综合服务平台(BeidouCORS),该平台具有多种工作模式,是北斗导航卫星系统重要的地面应用和有效补充。给出了平台的总体框架结构和通信链路的设计方案,论述了RTK,RTD和PPP等多种服务模式下的系统工作流程,介绍了参考站、控制与数据中心和数据处理算法等关键部分的建设。基于提出的平台建设框架,结合上海区域特点,给出了上海北斗连续运行卫星定位综合服务平台的示范应用,并设想了平台未来的发展和应用前景。     

液体火箭发动机推力室喉部结构热疲劳寿命预估研究

为了准确预估液体火箭发动机推力室喉部结构的热疲劳寿命,采用热-力耦合方法对推力室喉部结构在整个循环加载过程中的变形进行数值模拟。以最危险的温度最高和变形最大处为考察点,在多次循环载荷下,综合运用循环疲劳和准静态疲劳理论,对数值计算结果进行分析,预估了结构的热疲劳寿命。研究表明:单次循环下,喉部结构寿命预估值最小,偏保守和安全,因而推荐工程设计和工程应用最优先参考。     

空空导弹吊挂疲劳寿命分析

针对空空导弹吊挂在挂飞过程中承受多种复杂多变的载荷(如挂飞振动载荷、机动抖振载荷、起飞着陆冲击载荷等)产生的疲劳破坏问题,研究利用仿真计算其疲劳寿命。在总结国内外最新疲劳理论研究的基础上,提出了基于有限元的时域和频域相结合的疲劳分析方法,在空空导弹吊挂的疲劳研究上形成了一套较为完善的分析流程。以某型空空导弹吊挂为研究对象,对其结构及工况特点进行了探讨和分析,借助Msc.Fatigue软件平台建立了吊挂的疲劳损伤模型,结合S-N曲线,计算出其疲劳损伤及其疲劳寿命,并总结出吊挂疲劳寿命的主要影响因素,对具体的型号研制工作有一定的指导意义和工程应用价值。