防空导弹武器系统雷电浪涌的防护

介绍了浪涌的成因及武器系统产生浪涌的主要原因。指出在导弹阵地采用防雷系统措施的同时 ,武器系统要利用接地网系统消减雷电产生的地电压反击 ,在电源系统中接入 3× 1+1防雷器 ,选用适当的保护空气开关防止雷电浪涌侵入 ,在通信网络中增加浪涌抑制二极管防止线路上的尖峰脉冲。最后确定了选择雷电浪涌防护器的依据和主要原则     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

工频电磁场干扰及其卫生防护

通过一个电磁兼容工程实例，介绍了工频电磁干扰及其解决方法，并对有关国家标准实施情况进行了探讨。     

航空工业系统发展环保产业的战略目标与构想

本文针对航空工业系统贯彻“军转民”方针的形势，研究了国内外环保产业市场和航空工业的优势，为使环保机械产品作为本系统的一大支柱民品，提出发展战略目标和构想。     

SEL587差动保护装置原理与技术应用

分析SEL587差动保护装置的基本原理,阐述零序电流的影响。应用情况表明,该装置运行可靠,动作灵敏。     

某超声速飞行器保护罩用弹射器的高温防护特性

某型弹射器应用于超声速飞行器保护罩的连接固定与弹射分离。由于保护罩位于飞行器头部,受到气动阻力的影响,升温迅速。为了保证弹射器能够在飞行过程中正常安全工作,使装药部位的温度满足火药安全使用要求,需要对其采取热防护措施。文章围绕弹射器的耐高温性能设计开展了相关理论分析、数值仿真及试验验证工作。通过减小热传导途径,优化产品结构设计,采取隔热、相变吸热等措施降低弹射器内部的环境温度。经过热传导试验验证,在模拟飞行器极端的高温环境条件下,弹射器结构能够有效降低热传导效率,保证主装药部位的温度满足火药安全使用要求。该方法为航天火工装置的高温防护设计与验证提供了有效的技术途径。     

Carbon nanotube protected composite laminate subjected to lightning strike: Interlaminar film distribution investigation

A kind of interlaminar film with carbon nanotubes inserted into polyether ketone with cardo was used for lightning strike protection of composite laminates. The distribution of the interlaminar film was investigated by experimental and numerical methods. Artificial lightning strike tests were conducted for 12-film carbon nanotube and traditional surface silver coating protected specimens. Then corresponding finite element models (FEMs) were established to analyze the lightning strike effect and validated by the experimental results. Based on the FEMs, the number, distribution and thickness of interlaminar film were investigated in order to obtain equivalent protection effect with the traditional surface silver coating. The results show that only the first two layers were damaged for the surface silver coating protected specimen, while 5 layers were ablated for the 12-film protected specimen. Lightning strike damage area of the laminate protected with 5-film carbon nanotube is almost the same as that of the laminate protected with 12-film carbon nanotube. Compared with traditional surface silver coating protection, one film protection with thickness of 360 μm can make the laminate to obtain equivalent damage depth, 54.8% smaller damage area and 58% less additional weight. And reparability of the laminate is better than that of the laminate protected with 5 interlaminar films.     

航空发动机压气机叶片砂尘冲蚀防护涂层关键问题综述

军用直升机和运输机沙漠作战时,砂尘被高速吸入发动机导致压气机叶片外形和结构完整性遭到破坏,严重影响作战性能和耐久性。涂层是提高压气机叶片抗砂尘冲蚀能力的有效措施,但涂层的防护能力与涂层的服役环境、材料体系、结构成份、制备技术以及考核体系等密切相关。结合美军在西亚沙漠作战直升机压气机受损严重的问题,从涂层设计指导性、制备技术可实现性以及试验考核体系的完备有效性三方面综述和对比国内外抗冲蚀涂层研究发展情况,重点分析涂层环境适应性、材料和结构强韧性、制备方法以及考核体系中的影响涂层防护能力的关键问题,深入剖析我国存在的主要差距和原因。分析表明:机理研究不深入、涂层结构与性能设计研究亟待加强、考核手段不完备、研究系统性不强是制约我国抗冲蚀涂层向应用转化的关键,本文对梳理抗冲蚀涂层领域的发展方向具有十分重要的指导意义。     

Limit protection design in turbofan engine acceleration control based on scheduling command governor

A new limit protection method based on Scheduling Command Governor (SCG) is proposed for imposing multiple constraints on a turbofan engine during acceleration process. A Gain Scheduling Controller (GSC) is designed for the transient state control and its stability proof is developed using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The SCG is an add-on control scheme which manages engine limits effectively based on reference trajectory optimization. Unlike the traditional min–max architecture with switching logic, the SCG method utilizes the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) closed-loop model to form a prediction of future constraint violation and per instant solves a constraint-admissible reference within an approximate Maximal Output Admissible Set (MOAS). The influence of the variation of engine dynamic characteristics and equilibrium points during transient state control is handled by the design of contractive sets. Simulation results on a turbofan engine component-level model show the applicability and effectiveness of the SCG method. Compared to the traditional min–max method, the SCG method has less conservativeness. In addition, the design of contractive sets makes conservativeness tunable.     

多电飞机高压直流并联供电系统发展现状与关键技术

多电飞机（MEA）逐步实现机载二次能源的统一,可有效提升飞机能源利用率。高压直流（HVDC）供电系统（EPS）从原理上更容易实现电源的并联运行,利于多发动机/多发电机布局下供电容量的扩展,并实现不中断供电,进一步提升系统的供电品质和鲁棒性。分析了高压直流供电系统的特点与优势,系统总结了高压直流并联供电系统的研究现状,在此基础上阐述了并联供电系统的关键技术和问题。提出并构建基于新型双凸极无刷直流发电机的双通道高压直流并联供电系统,实现了系统均流控制,完成高压直流并联供电时突加突卸负载、投入并联、退出并联等动态过程的实验验证。研究结果表明高压直流并联供电系统具有良好的稳态精度与动态性能,在多电乃至全电飞机（AEA）上有重要研究价值和应用潜力,其动态行为、建模方法和控制保护逻辑等问题值得进一步深入研究与实践。