航空发动机压气机叶片砂尘冲蚀防护涂层关键问题综述

军用直升机和运输机沙漠作战时,砂尘被高速吸入发动机导致压气机叶片外形和结构完整性遭到破坏,严重影响作战性能和耐久性。涂层是提高压气机叶片抗砂尘冲蚀能力的有效措施,但涂层的防护能力与涂层的服役环境、材料体系、结构成份、制备技术以及考核体系等密切相关。结合美军在西亚沙漠作战直升机压气机受损严重的问题,从涂层设计指导性、制备技术可实现性以及试验考核体系的完备有效性三方面综述和对比国内外抗冲蚀涂层研究发展情况,重点分析涂层环境适应性、材料和结构强韧性、制备方法以及考核体系中的影响涂层防护能力的关键问题,深入剖析我国存在的主要差距和原因。分析表明:机理研究不深入、涂层结构与性能设计研究亟待加强、考核手段不完备、研究系统性不强是制约我国抗冲蚀涂层向应用转化的关键,本文对梳理抗冲蚀涂层领域的发展方向具有十分重要的指导意义。

Review of key issues on coating against sand erosion of aero-engine compressor blade

Military helicopters and transporters have to take off and land under harsh conditions like deserts or battle fields and engines' sucking in solid grains in these complicated environments leads to engine erosion, which in turn severely influences the reliability of the engine and causes reduced performances of the aircraft. Depositing anti-erosion coatings is an effective way to improve the performances of compressor blades against sand erosion. However, under severe erosion environment, coatings are facing great challenges. In order to improve the anti-erosion performances of the coatings, several key issues should be addressed, which include improving coating's adaptability to the environment, designing effective arrangement of components for the coating, devising more effective coating production methods and reliable testing mechanisms. Through analyzing the case of the severe erosion of US helicopter engines in their operations in west Asian desert, this paper reviews the three key issues in coating performance improvement which are the design of coatings, methods of coating production and erosion testing mechanisms. A comparative analysis reveals that the poor erosion mechanism study, lacking of coating design method, incomplete erosion test and unsystematic research are the major problems which result in the fact that the existing erosion coating technology cannot be used on compressors of aircraft in China. This paper is significant for deciding future developments and research focuses of anti-erosion coatings in China.