Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of 3-Dimensional and 4-Directional Braided Composites

It is vital to choose a factual and reasonable micro-structural model of braided composites for improving the calculating precision of thermal property of 3-D braided composites by finite element method (FEM). On the basis of new microstructure model of braided composites proposed recently, the model of FEM calculation for thermal conductivity of 3-dimennsional and 4-directional braided composites is set up in this paper. The curves of coefficient of effective thermal conductivity versus fiber volume ratio and interior braiding angle are obtained. Furthermore, comparing the results of FEM with the available experimental data,the reasonability and veracity of calculation are confirmed at the same time.     

SHS法制备硼化物陶瓷粉体的表征分析

采用自蔓延高温还原合成方法制备TiB2,TiB2-Al2O3和ZrB2-Al2O3陶瓷粉末.利用XRD,XPS,SEM以及TEM等分析测试手段对合成粉末进行表征和分析.结果表明,TiB2,ZrB2和Al2O3分别以主晶相的形式存在于所合成的各自粉体之中.相比之下,TiB2单相陶瓷粉末颗粒分布较宽.由于自蔓延高温合成(SHS)温度很高,部分颗粒形成团聚,宏观上使颗粒的平均粒径变大(＞5μm);而TiB2-Al2O3和ZrB2-Al2O3复合陶瓷粉末,因合成过程中Al2O3的形成,使得颗粒粒度分布明显变窄,分布均匀,颗粒尺寸也相应减小.分析认为这主要与复合粉末合成过程中,不同颗粒间形成良好结合的界面有关.     

激光加工气膜孔对定向凝固高温合金薄壁持久性能的影响

采用定向凝固无余量精铸工艺制造的接近于空心涡轮叶片形状和壁厚的管状薄壁（δ＝１．２ｍｍ）试样,研究了激光加工孔对定向凝固高温合金薄壁持久性能的影响。结果表明,在９００℃／３７０ＭＰａ下,与没有孔的薄壁试样相比,有一排孔的试样持久性能没有明显降低,有两排孔的试样持久寿命略有下降。显微分析表明,激光加工孔对组织没有明显的影响,只是稍微减小了承载面积,而且只有在出现两排激光孔时才有所表现。     

TC18钛合金普通退火工艺研究

研究了普通退火工艺参数对TC18（Ti-5A1-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe）钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金强度随退火温度升高先降低后上升,900％及以上温度退火后合金强度可达到1100MPa以上。a相形状、数量及尺寸等方面的变化是影响合金强度和塑性的关键因素。     

一种定向凝固高温合金低周疲劳性能的研究

研究了同成分合金在定向凝固（ＤＳ）和普通铸造（ＣＣ）状态下７６０℃的低周疲劳性能。结果表明，ＤＳ合金的疲劳寿命比ＣＣ合金在应力控制条件下高２倍左右，而在应变控制条件下可提高寿命２０倍左右。ＣＣ合金的疲劳裂纹往往萌生在与表面相连的晶界或某些缺陷（如孔洞）上，由外向内沿晶界扩展。而ＤＳ合金裂纹则起源于纵向晶界的横段或预开裂的碳化物，并沿枝晶间穿枝干扩展。     

淬火／回火热处理对TiAl基合金晶粒细化的影响

研究了淬火/回火热处理中淬火温度和回火时间对Ti-48Al-2Cr-0.5Mo合金晶粒细化的影响。研究表明:一定的淬火/回火热处理能将大小约为1000μm的铸态组织细化成为18～30μm的均匀双态组织;TiAl基合金的细化效果严重依赖淬火阶段的加热温度,温度升高,得到的块状组织较细,羽毛状组织体积分数减少,在两相区回火时,高温淬火组织的回火组织较细,而时间的延长,晶粒长大,但不明显。     

Ti-6Al-4V电子束焊接焊缝区域精细组织特征

采用OM,XRD,EPMA,TEM分析了电子束焊接Ti-6Al-4V焊缝区域的精细组织结构特征。结果表明接头区域组织形态由基体等轴晶向焊缝柱状形态演化,焊缝区域呈现单一α′网篮状组织,TEM板束形态呈多向分布,焊缝区域的位错分布密度与基体母材相比呈现出减小的趋势,且熔合线附近存在V,Fe等β稳定元素浓度起伏现象。     

热处理对二次锻造高Nb-TiAl基合金组织的影响

研究了热处理对二次锻造高Nb-TiAl基合金组织的影响。通过对Ti-45Al-9(Nb,W,B,Y)金属间化合物进行不同的热处理,得到不同的显微组织。结果表明,经1310℃/20min+1250℃/2h/AC热处理后,β相被有效地消除,得到细小均匀的双态组织。此后直接加热到α单相区,得到条带状的全片层组织。增加在两相区的停留,得到相对比较均匀细小的全片层组织。将锻造组织先转变为近γ组织再进行全片层组织处理,得到最均匀细小的全片层组织。     

热变形对高铌TiAl合金微观组织的影响

通过对Ti-45Al-8.0Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.1Y(原子百分数)合金的热压缩分析发现,其变形温度和变形速率对合金的真实应力-应变曲线以及变形后的组织有显著的影响。在低的变形温度和高的变形速率下,随应变量的增加合金呈现明显的软化现象,变形后存在大量的流线型组织,当变形温度达到1250℃、变形速率降到1×10^-3s^-1时,合金变形后的组织逐渐得到充分的再结晶,铸态组织得到明显的细化。