Shape Modification by Beam Model in FEM

Shape modification and deformation play an important role in the filed of geometry modeling, computer graphics, conceptual design and so on. A novel physically based shape modification approach is presented in this article, with beam model in finite element method (FEM). By means of interactively creating a beam with circle cross section based on pre-defined local coordinate system, the primitive geometry model is embedded in the beam globally or locally. After imposing external loads, such as concentrated force or couple, on selected nodes, their displacement can be computed. Moreover, deflection, axial deformation and twist angle of beam model can also be interpolated using shape function matrix. As a result, object is modified as a part of beam. The proposed approach is linear, simple and fast, by which stretch, bending, taping and twist deformation can be accomplished. Finally, some experimental results are given to demonstrate that the presented method is potentially useful in geometry modeling and shape design.     

片状粉末冶金的石墨烯/铝基复合材料制备过程控制与力学性能

石墨烯/铝复合材料具有强化效率高、强塑性协同提升、综合性能优异的特点,有望突破现有金属基复合材料强塑性匹配性差的瓶颈问题,但石墨烯的难于分散是困扰材料制备的重要问题。基于机械球磨工艺的片状粉末冶金技术可以将球状铝粉变成片状,实现石墨烯的均匀分散。本研究通过添加过程控制剂PDMS调控机械球磨过程,制备片状铝粉,结合压力浸渗技术制备0.6%(质量分数)GNPs/6061Al复合材料。结果表明:随着球磨时间延长,片状铝粉直径呈先上升后稳定的状态;随过程控制剂黏度上升,片状铝粉直径上升,铝粉片状化效果更明显,同时石墨烯缺陷含量先降低后上升。结合组织表征和力学性能测试,讨论了材料性能与组织结构间的关系。     

考虑系统不确定性的高超声速飞行器容错控制

针对一类含有执行器失效故障和范数有界不确定性的系统,提出了一种鲁棒容错跟踪控制设计方法。该方法利用有界实引理,给出了保证闭环系统稳定且满足鲁棒性能要求的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的表达式;为了削弱控制器的保守性,使用不同的Lyapunov变量对应不同的系统状态;由此带来的非凸优化问题,发展了一种迭代线性矩阵不等式算法。考虑到该迭代算法的收敛性取决于初值的选择,经过推导给出了一种求解合适初值的算法。将该算法应用于高超声速飞行器X-33跟踪控制器的设计,仿真结果表明本文算法是可行和有效的。      

卫星姿态控制系统故障重构观测器设计

对于卫星姿态控制系统,提出一种基于PD型学习观测器(Learning observer, LO)的系统故障重构方法。在P型LO的学习算法基础上引入测量输出估计误差的微分项,设计了一种PD型LO,估计卫星姿态角速度和姿态角的同时,快速精确重构卫星执行机构故障。给出了所提观测器的稳定性条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式技术提出一种系统化PD型LO设计方法。进一步,将所提PD型LO设计扩展用于卫星姿态敏感器故障的快速重构。最后,将所提方法应用于微小卫星推力器故障重构和陀螺故障重构,仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

弹性飞机跨声速机动载荷计算方法

基于跨声速非定常气动力求解的重叠场源法,开展了弹性飞机跨声速机动载荷计算方法研究,为现代飞机结构强度设计提供更加可靠和精确的临界载荷计算方法。首先通过采用重叠场源法求解关于62%根弦俯仰振荡的LANN机翼在马赫数为0.822的非定常气动力并与实验结果进行对比,验证了重叠场源法对跨声速激波效应预测和非定常气动力计算的能力;其次应用频域气动力有理近似技术拟合场源法计算得到的广义气动力系数矩阵,建立了机动载荷分析的状态空间模型;然后完成了某型民用飞机俯仰机动载荷分析,研究了俯仰机动飞行情况下飞机机体状态量及飞机部件载荷响应规律。计算结果表明：考虑机体弹性变形后,机翼和平尾气动载荷响应最大值分别减小了5.1%和10.6%,升降舵气动载荷响应最大值增大了16.2%,在飞机结构强度设计中必须考虑机体弹性效应对飞机部件载荷的影响。     

飞艇骨架结构动态损伤识别方法

针对飞艇骨架结构中损伤引起的模态跃迁现象导致无法通过匹配损伤前后动态特性参数变化来识别损伤的难题,给出3种只基于损伤后振动响应信息进行损伤识别的动态方法。通过模态分析方法获得结构的模态参数,分别推导模态振型曲率法、均布载荷面曲率法和虚拟轴向应变法等3种损伤识别算法。定义损伤指标,并根据损伤指标局部峰值来识别和定位损伤杆件。以半硬式飞艇常见狭长构型三角截面碳纤维复合材料桁架为例,结合有限元法和自编MATLAB程序进行损伤识别仿真研究,影响参数包括损伤类型、损伤位置、损伤程度和噪声量级等,最后对损伤识别算法的有效性进行试验验证。结果表明新损伤识别方法对损伤敏感,在环境噪声工况下能准确识别和定位单个和多个损伤杆件。文中方法均基于结构整体振动信息进行损伤杆件识别,将来可用于构造飞艇骨架实时结构健康监测系统。     

信息缺失的航空发动机传感器数据重构

为处理传感器数据缺失问题,利用子空间表示系统演化特征,提出了基于极化增量矩阵填充(PIMC)的航空发动机传感器数据的在线重构模型。该模型通过历史数据获得当前的数据特征表示,并用新增的数据不断更新子空间以跟踪并表示数据发展特征。将本文模型用于仿真数据进行验证,重构结果和无噪数据的归一化均方误差(MSE)均小于1×10-5,实验结果显示本文模型对于航空发动机传感器数据重构有很好的应用价值,对缺失数据和噪声是鲁棒的。      

一类特殊实对称矩阵的逆特征值问题

讨论如下形式实矩阵的逆特征值问题（1）给定两个互异实数λ,μ和两个n维非零实向量x，y，求矩阵A，使（λ，x）和（μ，y）是A的特征对；（2）给定两个互异实数λ，μ和两个n维非零实向量x，y，求矩阵A和A*，使得（λ，x）和（μ，y）分别是A和A*的特征对．本文给出了问题有解的充要条件，并给出了一些数值例子。     

碳/环氧复合材料层板基体裂纹的检测与分析

本工作从实验和计算两方面测算碳/环氧复合村料在拉伸载荷下,[0/90]s、[±45]_(s),]11=11]碳布三种层板基体裂纹发生的形式和应变水平,以期能预测不同裂纹产生的载荷门槛值。结果表明:采用声发射技术跟踪配合显微观测碳/环氧层板初始损伤(基体裂纹、脱层等)的应力水平,并采用能量判据有限无计算裂纹扩展的临界应变能释放率,计算和实验结果比较,符合较好。     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.