翼身融合布局民机高低速协调设计

翼身融合（BWB）布局作为一种创新的布局形式，成为未来民用飞机发展的热点。与传统布局相比，BWB布局具有综合优势，是以安全性、经济性、舒适性和环保性为发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。针对BWB布局低速飞行性能不易满足"绿色航空"发展目标的技术现状，分析当前BWB布局高低速综合设计中出现的问题和面临的挑战，提出了改善低速性能的应对策略。通过总体参数对高低速性能的影响规律研究，分析了影响高低速协调设计的各种因素，指出翼载是影响高低速协调设计的核心参数。基于项目组长期研究工作，提出了综合考虑高低速性能的BWB布局设计要求，建立了高速向低速适当妥协，综合平衡高低速矛盾的设计思想，给出了由三点技术措施构成的高低速协调设计原则。根据本文提出的高低速协调设计思想和设计原则，采用多学科综合优化和气动综合设计方法，进行了概念方案的高低速协调设计，获得了高低速协调、综合性能优异的概念设计方案。CFD分析和风洞试验验证结果表明，协调设计后的概念方案，在保持优异巡航性能的同时，显著提高了低速性能，降低了对增升能力的需求，减小了高升力状态力矩平衡措施的设计压力，达到了保证巡航效率和提升低速性能的协调设计目标。本文提出的高低速协调设计思想和设计原则为提升BWB布局低速性能提供了新的思路和方法，可应用于翼身融合类民机布局研究，并可为其他用途翼身融合类飞机设计提供参考。     

On the occurrence and strength of multi-frequency multi-GNSS Ionospheric Scintillations in Indian sector during declining phase of solar cycle 24

This study presents unique perspectives of occurrence and strength of low latitude ionospheric scintillations on multiple signals of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its frequency dependence using continuous observation records of 780 nights. A robust comparative analysis is performed using scintillation index, S4 and its variation during pre-midnight and post-midnight duration from a GNSS receiver located at Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E), India, covering period from July 2014 to August 2016. The results, generally exhibit the impact of declining phase of solar cycle 24 on occurrence and strength of scintillations, which, however, is evidently different over different frequencies transmitted from different GNSS systems. A deeper quantitative analysis uniquely reveals that apart from the solar cycle and seasonal effects, the number of visible satellites of a selected GNSS markedly affect the occurrence and also the strength. Processing scheme of adopting 6 hourly time windows of pre-midnight and post-midnight brought a novel result that the strength and occurrence of strong scintillations decrease with declining solar activity during pre-midnight hours but remarkably increase for moderate and weak scintillations during post-midnight. The physical processes that dominate the post-midnight equatorial ionosphere are invoked to explain such variations that are special during declining solar activity. Finally, inter-GNSS signal analysis in terms of the effect of strong, moderate and weak scintillations is presented with due consideration of number of satellite passes affected and frequency dependence of mean S4. The quantitative results of this study emphasize for the first time effect of low latitude scintillation on GNSS signals in Indian zone under changing background solar and seasonal conditions.     

马赫数3～6宽速域内转进气道优化设计

基于对轴对称基准流场参数化研究选取半径适当小的可变中心体，再对其他设计参数进行灵敏度分析，得到设计参数对基准流场整体性能的影响规律，系数c的影响最为明显，同时各个设计参数之间耦合效应影响也很大。运用样本数据库，构建相应的神经网络近似模型并结合邻域培植多目标遗传算法对轴对称基准流场在马赫数为6时进行三目标优化，优化后的基准流场内收缩比降低了7.7%，总压恢复系数提高了2.3%，并且静压比提高了7.1%。基于此优化结果，进行内转进气道型面设计并对其在马赫数为3～6条件下黏性数值模拟，结果表明:优化后的内转进气道在马赫数为3工作时能够正常起动，在马赫数为4～6工作时，进气道有较高的压缩量，较好的流量捕获能力和总压恢复性能。      

机载燃油密度传感器高低温静态试验技术

为了验证航空机载燃油密度传感器在高温燃油和低温燃油中的燃油密度测量精度，运用阿基米德原理对高低温静态验证试验技术进行了研究。设计和提出了一种新的高精度航空机载燃油密度传感器高低温静态试验装置和方法。研究结果表明：试验装置密度测量系统的测量最大误差为-0.077%，符合试验装置测量精度为受试品测量精度4倍及以上的规定（受试品测量精度为0.4%）。结果通过了C919总体设计单位和美国Parker公司的评审，能可靠地验证航空机载燃油密度传感器在高温燃油和低温燃油中的燃油密度测量精度，为航空机载燃油密度传感器工程应用和装机试飞提供了试验数据支撑。     

超临界压力下航空煤油RP-3在水平细圆管内对流换热特性实验研究

为探究超临界压力下碳氢燃料在水平管内的对流换热规律,文章针对超临界条件下航空煤油RP-3在水平细圆管内的对流换热,分析了热流密度、进口雷诺数及浮升力对对流换热的影响。研究表明:沿流动方向,管内表面传热系数随热流密度的增大先减小后增大;在低进口温度及低进口雷诺数情况下,管内换热均出现先恶化后强化的现象,而随着进口温度和雷诺数的增加,此现象消失;浮升力对换热的影响随热流密度的增加而增加;浮升力对下表面换热的加强使得入口效应的影响在下表面先于上表面结束;受浮升力影响,上下壁最大温差可达50 K;质量流速的增加会抑制浮升力对换热的影响;准则数Grq/Grth可以很好地反映浮升力的变化趋势。以上研究结果可为采用碳氢燃料作冷却介质的各类飞行器主动热防护技术方案提供技术支撑。     

Numerical investigation of transitions in flow states and variation in aerodynamic forces for flow around square cylinders arranged inline

This study focuses on the transitions in flow states around two-, three- and four-inline square cylinders under the effect of Reynolds numbers at two different gap spacing values using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this purpose, Reynolds number is varied in the range 1–130 while two different values of spacing taken into account are gap spacing?=?2 and 5. Before going to actual problem, the code is tested for flow around a single square cylinder by comparing the results with experimental and numerical results of other researchers, and good agreement is found. The current numerical computations yield that for both spacing values and all combinations of cylinders there exist three different sates of flow depending on Reynolds numbers: steady state, transitional state and unsteady state. It is found that the range of Reynolds numbers for these flow states is different for both spacing values. At gap spacing?=?2 the range of Reynolds numbers for each flow state decreases by increasing the number of cylinders while at gap spacing?=?5 opposite trend is observed. The results also show that at gap spacing?=?2 the reduction in drag force is greater than the corresponding reduction at gap spacing?=?5. The maximum reduction in drag force is observed at Reynolds numbers?=?1 at both spacing values. Similarly, at both spacing values and all Reynolds numbers, the maximum reduction in drag force is observed for the case of four-inline square cylinders.     

低Re对某小型涡扇发动机性能影响

低雷诺数问题是影响高空长航时无人驾驶飞机的动力装置性能的关键因素之一.定量分析了低雷诺数效应对某小型大涵道比涡扇发动机性能的影响.当雷诺数减小到一定程度后,各部件的性能将发生改变.在发动机整机环境下,增压级和低压涡轮的进口叶弦雷诺数相对更低,受飞行高度和速度的影响也更大.在发动机共同工作条件的作用下,各部件的匹配关系将发生变化,除部件效率的降低以外,部件流通能力的衰减也引起发动机性能的降低.涡轮前温度的限制将使发动机转子转速下降,低雷诺数效应加剧,从而导致发动机性能的进一步降低,推力迅速减小,但发动机涵道比的增加可以减小因部件性能衰退引起的耗油率上升的趋势.     

小型固体火箭发动机低压自毁效果研究

根据导弹自毁装置低爆炸危险性要求,开展了低压自毁效果研究,进行了2发φ60mm发动机自毁模拟试验。试验结果表明,低压状态下非点火发动机可以自毁,低压状态壳体全切开方案自毁效果及前封头切开方案自毁效果均能够满足安全自毁的要求。     

雷诺数对轴流压气机转子非定常流动的影响

针对某轴流压气机转子,结合地面试验采用5通道的数值模拟方法在两个海拔高度下对该转子进行数值模拟,分析雷诺数(Re)对压气机中非定常流动的影响。在地面条件下数值模拟绝对坐标系下的频率均落于试验旋转不稳定(RI)的驼峰频率带宽范围内。相对坐标系下相邻通道的数值监测信号互功率谱证明了压气机中周向扰动的存在。该周向扰动的产生是泄漏流与叶顶载荷分布周期性相互作用的结果。高空20 km下压气机中存在特征频率不同的多个周向扰动。此时在叶片近吸力面的尾缘处存在较大范围的流动分离区,由此引起的径向低能流体与叶顶间隙泄漏流相互作用,并共同影响叶顶载荷分布,引起低雷诺数下压气机流动非定常性周向传播。      

Adaptive flow control of low-Reynolds number aerodynamics using dielectric barrier discharge actuator

Aerodynamic performance of low-Reynolds number flyers, for a chord-based Reynolds number of 10⁵ or below, is sensitive to wind gusts and flow separation. Active flow control offers insight into fluid physics as well as possible improvements in vehicle performance. While facilitating flow control by introducing feedback control and fluidic devices, major challenges of achieving a target aerodynamic performance under unsteady flow conditions lie on the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of the flow system. Therefore, a successful flow control framework requires a viable as well as accessible control scheme and understanding of underlying flow dynamics as key information of the flow system. On the other hand, promising devices have been developed recently to facilitate flow control in this flow regime. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator is such an example; it does not have moving parts and provides fast impact on the flow field locally. In this paper, recent feedback flow control studies, especially those focusing on unsteady low-Reynolds number aerodynamics, are reviewed. As an example of an effective flow control framework, it is demonstrated that aerodynamic lift of a high angle-of-attack wing under fluctuating free-stream conditions can be stabilized using the DBD actuator and an adaptive algorithm based on general input–output models. System nonlinearities and control challenges are discussed by assessing control performance and the variation of the system parameters under various flow and actuation conditions. Other fundamental issues from the flow dynamics view point, such as the lift stabilization mechanism and the influence on drag fluctuation are also explored. Both potentiality and limitation of the linear modeling approach are discussed. In addition, guidelines on system identification and the controller and actuator setups are suggested.