航空发动机风扇叶片与机匣刮蹭分析及结构设计

针对异常载荷下,航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片的叶尖与机匣刮蹭变形及损伤特征缺乏数据支持,而传统理论计算方法存在较大的误差问题，建立了宽弦风扇叶片叶尖刮蹭显式动力学分析模型,采用宽弦风扇叶片与机匣刮蹭试验数据,对分析模型的计算精度进行了验证。基于分析模型进行了仿真参数的敏感度分析,得到了叶片与机匣刮蹭后叶片变形及机匣损伤规律。研究结果表明:叶尖伸长量对转子转速非常敏感，叶尖径向伸长量增加速率远大于转速增加值，因此在叶片设计中应考虑到风扇叶片极限转速下叶尖伸长量。同时需要选取合理的扭转角度以满足叶片安全性和气动性能的要求。在风扇机匣包容区设计中应主动考虑异常载荷的影响，增大安全性设计域度；设计合理的耐磨层材料参数，减小风扇叶片对其冲击损伤。采用该方法可以提高叶尖间隙控制精度,减小刮蹭对叶片和机匣造成的损伤。      

卫星遥感农业监测系统中权重优化的实例修改算法

针对播种机设计过程需求获取的复杂性和可用性低等问题，采用遥感等技术动态监测土壤、农作物生长过程中的一些参数，以优化设计需求特征，并以此为基础，提出改进的混合权重实例修改算法。该算法以相似实例检索为前提，以相似实例集中的特征相似度、问题-解特征间的关联度、问题特征间的自相关度为因子，通过矩阵乘法来构造解特征混合权重矩阵，进行实例修改。将其应用到铲式播种机的数字化设计系统中，以实现智能设计。研究结果表明新算法能有效提高机械设计结果的可用性和准确度。     

面向再制造设计方案的去主观混合多属性决策方法

面向再制造设计(Design for remanufacturing,DfRem)是将再制造特征考虑到产品设计过程,因设计者缺乏明确定义的再制造知识,面向再制造方案决策受设计者主观偏好、经验等主观因素的影响,导致不合理决策设计方案。为了客观地得到面向再制造最优设计方案,提出一种去主观的混合多属性决策方法克服设计过程主观因素的影响。首先,通过物元理论表征设计特征与需求信息,结合设计准则得到初步设计方案,接着建立考虑技术、经济和环境因素的评价指标体系,采用熵权法和模糊集通过多属性决策得到最优设计方案。最后,以面向再制造的电机拆解机设计为案例验证上述方法的可行性与实践性,结果表明上述方法对面向再制造设计的方案决策有效可行。     

跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化目标函数研究

针对跨声速涡轮叶栅单点优化方法难以获得整体工况性能提升、多点优化方法难以确定合理目标函数形式的问题，提出了两点优化的方法。为了节约优化时间成本，优化过程采用EIF （Equivalent inviscid flow） 模型进行数值模拟，通过添加惩罚函数保证叶栅满足设计流量和负荷要求，并采用叶栅效率线性平均的目标函数形式进行评价。选择两组跨声速涡轮叶栅进行优化设计，并利用CFD方法分析叶型变化对流场马赫数、激波和损失产生的影响。结果显示，所提出的优化设计方法在保证设计工况性能的同时，能够提升叶栅整体工况性能。通过流场分析，揭示了激波结构变化对不同工况损失影响的定性规律。综合全文研究后，给出了一种适用于跨声速涡轮叶栅两点优化设计的目标函数形式。     

Inverse design of mission success space for combat aircraft contribution evaluation

This paper presents a novel design method of the Mission Success Space (MSS) for the evaluation on aircraft contribution effectiveness. MSS concept was proposed for giving success criterion of a mission and judging the success by conventional mission effectiveness with regards to the aircraft capabilities. This space is created by the Mission Success Function (MSF) and the original Effectiveness Index Space (EIS) where empirical equations are usually assumed to be MSFs. Based on this MSS concept, this paper firstly defines the MSS-based evaluation, then further summarizes the evaluation process of the Contribution to System-of-Systems (CSS). More importantly, based on the thought of Inverse Design (ID), a new design method of MSF is presented comprehensively analyzing aircraft’s CSS in a combat mission without using any empirical MSF. The definition of MSS based ID is given and the design procedure is sequentially introduced. Two different confrontation cases are depicted with many details as the simulation validation: Air-to-ground and Penetration. There are two design variables considered for designing MSS in the latter case while only one for the former. However, in both cases, the best design is given by evaluating the Gaussian fitting performance of CSS.     

支撑翼布局客机总体参数对结构重量的影响

针对支撑翼布局客机在总体设计阶段对结构重量分析评估的需求，建立结构重量与支撑翼总体参数之间的定量描述关系。利用有限元分析求解工程梁模型的方法建立考虑静强度和颤振约束的支撑翼结构分析模型，采用全速势方程加边界层修正的方法建立气动载荷计算模型，在此基础上建立支撑翼总体参数与主承力结构尺寸的优化流程，实现支撑翼结构概念设计优化及重量分析。以支撑翼客机为对象的算例研究表明，应用这一优化流程能够分析总体参数对结构重量的影响规律，并实现定量描述，可以为支撑翼布局客机概念方案设计提供技术支持和数据参考。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.     

转子结构布局及其力学特性优化设计

针对高推质比航空发动机结构设计，提出了航空发动机转子结构布局优化设计方案。对总体结构布局的优化可以有效提高材料使用效率，获取更优的力学特性，减小结构质量以提高推质比。介绍了转子结构布局的研究内容，给出了结构布局优化设计方法，并通过对高负荷转子结构系统的布局优化设计，验证了结构布局设计方法的可行性。算例结果表明:该方法可使结构效率损失系数降低0.335，方法的创新对航空发动机转子系统初始结构设计具有指导意义，对转子结构设计方案筛选和缩短设计周期具有重要的作用。      

翼身融合布局民机克鲁格襟翼设计

翼身融合（BWB）布局是"绿色航空"发展目标的下一代大型民用飞机的理想布局。由于高度融合的外形特点，BWB布局难以通过应用传统增升装置实现低速增升与配平的协调设计。本文采用开缝钝头克鲁格襟翼提高BWB布局低速失速特性。首先，构建了克鲁格襟翼二维参数化方法，该方法符合克鲁格襟翼运动机构特点，可准确描述几何外形与缝道配置。其次，开展克鲁格襟翼几何参数与偏转角度的影响规律研究，分析流动形态与增升机理，提出设计原则。综合考虑外形、运动机构与遮蔽效应等设计约束，以提高增升能力为目标，开展前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼优化设计。优化设计结果满足设计约束，数值分析表明其增升能力比初始外形与经典缝翼均有明显提高。最终，采用前缘开缝克鲁格襟翼与后缘简单襟翼构建BWB增升构型，数值模拟与风洞试验结果表明，增升方案能够实现升力系数要求，降低了对配平能力的需求，减小了增升装置和高升力配平设计压力。提出的克鲁格襟翼设计方法不仅适用于BWB布局，也为传统布局民机增升装置设计提供了技术支持。