Diagnostics of equatorial and low latitude ionosphere by TEC mapping over Brazil

The total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere over Brazil was monitored in two dimensions by using 2011 data from the ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver network operated by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics. It was possible to monitor the spatial and temporal variations in TEC over Brazil continuously during both day and night with a temporal interval of 10 min and a spatial resolution of about 400 km. The daytime equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and post-sunset plasma enhancement (PS-EIA) were monitored over an area corresponding to a longitudinal extension of 4000 km in South America. Considerable day-to-day variation was observed in EIA and PS-EIA. A large latitudinal and longitudinal gradient of TEC indicated a significant ionospheric range error in application of the GNSS positioning system. Large-scale plasma bubbles after sunset were also mapped over a wide range. Depletions with longitudinally separated by more than 800 km were observed. They were extended by more than 2000 km along the magnetic field lines and drifted eastward. It is expected that 2-dimensional TEC mapping can serve as a useful tool for diagnosing ionospheric weather, such as temporal and spatial variation in the equatorial plasma trough and crest, and particularly for monitoring the dynamics of plasma bubbles.     

我国大推力补燃氢氧发动机研究进展

氢氧火箭发动机因具有很高的性能,在国内外运载火箭中得到了广泛应用。为了更好地开展深空探测,必须研制大推力氢氧火箭发动机。本文综合分析了国内外氢氧发动机的发展历史和现状,简要介绍了我国220 t补燃循环氢氧发动机方案和关键技术研制进展,该技术方案先进。通过开展试验件冷态试验和缩尺组件热试验等,研究了核心部组件的关键技术和方案选型。开展全尺寸预燃室热试验等分系统热试验,研究组件级技术,初步突破了部分关键技术。建议加快开展大推力氢氧发动机工程研制,促进我国航天推进技术发展。     

大推力氢氧发动机瞬态特性研究

以大推力氢氧火箭发动机为研究对象，对其瞬态特性进行了研究。根据模块化的建模和仿真思想，建立了发动机各组件的动态数学模型，开发了发动机系统各组件的仿真模块，开展了发动机动态特性仿真分析与起动时序试验研究。仿真结果表明，推力室氧阀采用25%初级与100%全开的双开度形式，氧涡轮侧设置10%分流流量的燃气分流阀，燃气发生器在火药启动器工作至70%~80%时间段点火的系统优化配置方案，有利于控制发动机点火起动混合比，提高起动可靠性。通过添加故障因子，当涡轮效率由于故障从0.29降至0.19时，发动机工况降至故障前的78%工况，当效率降至0.06时，发动机工况降至故障前20%工况，发动机故障仿真结果与地面试验故障结果吻合较好，有利于故障分析定位。     

气泡雾化喷嘴液雾特性

为了研究静止空气中气泡雾化喷嘴的液雾特性，利用粒子多普勒分析仪(PDA)和Mie散射显示法，对气泡雾化喷嘴在水压2．5MPa和3．4MPa条件下，较宽气液比范围内的液雾的张角、粒度及速度分布进行了测量，分析了水压、气液比、两股射流相互作用对液雾的影响。结果表明，气泡对液体射流的雾化具有较大的增强作用，同时发现存在-临界气液比(介于3％～4％之间)，当气液比达到临界值后，射流的雾化突然增强，且运行稳定。     

舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统性能分析

文章提出了一种舱外航天服冷热电一体化(Combined Cooling-Heating-Power,CCHP)系统,该系统的主要组件有质子交换膜燃料电池、热驱制冷装置、金属氢化物储氢装置和辐射器等.在冷热电一体化系统的冷电匹配方法上提出了“以电定冷”方案,按照该方案计算了一组典型工况下系统的工作状态,分析了燃料电池的工作温度、工作电流密度和工作压力对系统质量和消耗性工质损失的影响.结果表明,该舱外航天服冷热电一体化系统在质量大小方面可以接受,在消耗性工质损失方面比水升华器冷源/蓄电池电源方案小得多;且降低燃料电池工作温度和压力、增大燃料电池工作电流密度,均能够减小系统质量、降低系统消耗性工质损失.     

气泡水体携带能力的测量实验研究

针对水中上升气泡对水体携带作用一直难以测量的问题，特提出利用气泡上升携带水量来表征其能力大小的思想，进而专门设计了相应的实验装置，重点开展了双液分离转相精测技术的实验研究。实验时选取柴油和水构成双液，并分别采用直接测量和转相精测两种方法测量气泡上升携带水量。结果表明：采用双液法可有效分离气泡携带的上升水体；气泡上升携带水量的转相精测值精度高于其直接测量值，且携带水量越小其精度优势越明显，特别是当携带水量很小，直接测量法可能因误差太大而根本无法实施，但转相精测法却可顺利进行。     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

过氧化氢／煤油发动机推力室气液燃烧数值模拟

采用离散相模拟颗粒随机轨道方法处理两相流动,采用SST后刊湍流模型,利用燃料的单步总反应模型模拟煤油蒸汽燃烧,针对过氧化氢／煤油发动机推力室,进行三维两相燃烧数值模拟。对推力室的总体流场特征及性能进行了初步研究,为开展进一步的数值研究奠定基础。     

燃气发生器氢腔均流改进设计及试验研究

为解决某型号液体火箭发动机燃气发生器热试车后氢腔内过滤网和骨架的破损问题,在不改变燃气发生器功能和性能、不影响发动机其它系统功能的前提下,设计了七种均流替代方案.采用Navies-Stokes方程数值模拟七种方案的氢腔内流动状态,计算分析了各种方案的氢喷嘴流量的均匀性,综合考虑承载能力,选定了一种有较好均流效果的均流环...     

氢键在丁羟推进剂湿老化与干燥恢复中的作用规律

回顾了丁羟推进剂湿老化与干燥恢复机理研究状况;指出了水分对氢键结构的影响;讨论了干燥条件下吸湿后的推进剂内部水分运行规律;以120mm×25 mm×10 mm的长方体丁羟推进剂试样为研究对象,在多种温度和相对湿度(RH)条件下进行了湿老化试验;以30℃、RH= 100％条件下湿老化5d的长方体试样为研究对象,采用无水氯...