机器人系统的动态混合力/位置控制的几何原理

基于在位形空间中受约束系统的几何性质,对机器人系统的运动及所受的约束力进行研究。通过引入法空间及切空间的概念,实现了机器人运动及力的解耦控制,从而简化了控制系统。通过对双臂机器人系统的位置/力动态混合控制的数字仿真,说明本方法简单、可行。     

基于分散化信息滤波的移动机器人定位

给出分散化信息滤波的最优性证明和保证最优性的条件 ,讨论了分散化信息滤波在故障检测和多传感器融合中的优势 ,提出一种在不影响分散化优势的情况下可以减小通讯量的滤波器结构。最后的仿真例子说明该方法在移动机器人定位应用中的有效性。     

空间机器人神经网络自适应滑模目标操控轨迹跟踪控制

针对参数未知的空间目标操控问题,考虑空间机器人负载不确定性、系统动力学不确定性和环境扰动等因素,为实现操作过程的稳定控制及机器人轨迹的有效跟踪,提出一种基于径向基神经网络估计不确定项的自适应增益非奇异终端滑模变结构控制器。首先基于拉格朗日法建立空间机器人的刚体动力学模型。考虑空间机器人基座姿态主动控制模式,使用径向基神经网络对模型中的不确定项进行估计。进而提出基于神经网络估计的非奇异终端滑模控制器,并针对不确定性和扰动的估计误差设计自适应增益,以期实现空间机器人系统轨迹跟踪控制的收敛。仿真校验结果表明所设计的控制方法具有较好的误差收敛速度和控制精度。     

基于接触式压脚的机器人制孔垂直度优化研究

针对传统非接触式法向校正技术在弱刚性薄壁上的不足,在接触式压脚结构的基础上对传统法向校正方案进行了研究,提出一种仅适用于接触式压脚结构的两点校正算法,同时设计了一套基于激光跟踪仪的法向测量系统标定方法。针对弱刚性薄壁受到压脚单向压紧力产生回退对制孔位置精度的影响,提出一种工具中心点（Tool center point, TCP）变位补偿技术,该技术利用激光位移传感器监测壁板回退量,在法向校正前动态调整TCP位置,实现对壁板回退量的实时补偿。搭建试验平台并通过制孔试验验证了接触式法向校正技术与TCP变位补偿技术可有效保证孔的垂直度与孔位精度,实现孔垂直度误差小于0.25°,孔位偏差小于0.4 mm。     

双臂空间机器人可操作度分析及其构型优化

利用传统的操作度概念,分析多臂空间机器人的可操作度,特别是基座和辅助臂的耦合效应对任务机械臂的操作度的影响。进而利用基座姿态最小扰动和可操作度指标对多臂机器人机械臂的构型进行优化。最后对平面双臂空间机器人进行数值仿真,并分析耦合效应对可操作度的影响以及在多臂构型优化中的应用。仿真结果表明本文的研究方法及结果可指导在轨服务中的近距离双臂协调交会、软对接和抓捕操作,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

在轨服务中空间系绳的应用及发展

针对空间系绳在空间在轨服务中的应用与发展问题，在简述空间系绳传统应用及试验情况的基础上，综述了空间绳系机器人、空间绳网机器人两类新在轨应用方式的研究和发展，主要包括动力学建模、结构设计、相对状态测量、逼近/抓捕控制、拖曳变轨等。最后进一步讨论了空间系绳未来的研究方向。     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.     

弹跳机器人动力学分析

弹跳机器人可以跃过数倍于自身尺寸的障碍物或沟渠,对地形有较强的适应力。但是相对于已经实用化的其他类型机器人,弹跳机器人目前还处于研究阶段。本文把驱动机构和弹跳机构一起加以考虑,综合各种阻尼的影响,构建了两类弹跳机器人模型。然后采用二阶拉格朗日方程,对其进行相应的动力学分析和比较,求出模型的动力学标准状态方程和弹跳高度的计算公式;并通过计算机模拟结果和试验结果的对比说明了分析的正确性。本文的分析结果同时适用于连续型和间隙型弹跳机器人的动力学分析。