基于三维最小二乘方法的空间直线度误差评定

空间直线度误差是评定机械产品精度的一项重要指标,实际工程中对空间直线度误差评定算法的精度要求越来越高.为了准确评定空间直线度误差,参照国家标准(GB/T 11336—2004),采用三维最小二乘方法建立了空间直线拟合的数学模型,并给出了该数学模型的精确解.基于最小二乘拟合中线,采用空间投影、坐标变换和格点法求得最小二乘中线包容圆柱面直径.采用数值算例验证了新方法的有效性.提出的空间直线度误差评定方法精度高、鲁棒性好且易于编程实现.     

战场复杂电磁环境的逼真构建方法

针对战场复杂电磁环境的逼真构建问题,提出了构建的"四个等效"原则,以及干扰场景等效与干扰强度等效两个定性指标、干扰技术逼真度与干扰战术逼真度两个定量指标的评价方法,并进一步阐述复杂电磁环境的五种等效构建方法。     

航天器着陆碰撞动力学CUDA并行计算技术

航天器着陆接触碰撞过程中的瞬态响应计算,涉及到几何非线性、接触非线性和材料非线性,计算过程复杂,计算量大。为此,文章将统一计算架构(CUDA)技术应用到接触碰撞问题的并行显式积分计算,研究了质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的并行生成方法,并将基于中心差分法的求解过程并行化实施。仿真算例表明:并行算法计算结果准确,较大地提高了计算仿真分析的效率,可为航天器着陆过程中冲击动力学计算的快速和高精度实现奠定基础。     

Intra-annual variations of the thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006

We investigate the intra-annual variations of globally averaged thermospheric density at 400 km altitude from 1996 to 2006 by using Artificial Neural Network Method (ANNM). The results indicate that thermospheric density is governed by solar activity, and the absolute error of our model is 13.67%, less than NRLMSISE-00 model. Fourier representation can catch the intra-annual variations more accurately than NRLMSISE-00 model and JB2008 model especially during 2002. We find that the Autumn maximum is slightly greater than Spring maximum during solar minimum, while the reverse is correct during solar maximum. There is a strong linear relation between solar activity and the amplitude of annual/semiannual variations, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9534 and 0.9424, respectively. Moreover, the amplitude ratio of the annual to semiannual variation is about 1.3 averaged, and changes in different years, but it has little relation with solar activity. Besides that, the amplitude of annual variation is larger than semiannual variation during 1996 and 2006 except 1998 and 2000. The relative error of NRLMSISE-00 model is 14.95%, decreasing to 12.49% after revising, and the correlation coefficients between this empirical model and its improved results and the observation are 0.8185 and 0.9210, respectively. Finally, we suggest the revised version of MSIS series of model should use the Fourier representation to express the intra-annual variations.     

Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectory for asteroid deflection missions

Asteroid deflection techniques are essential in order to protect the Earth from catastrophic impacts by hazardous asteroids. Rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories is considered as one of the key technologies to successfully deflect potentially hazardous asteroids. In this paper, we address a general framework for the rapid design and optimization of low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories for future asteroid deflection missions. The design and optimization process includes three closely associated steps. Firstly, shape-based approaches and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted to perform preliminary design, which provides a reasonable initial guess for subsequent accurate optimization. Secondly, Radau pseudospectral method is utilized to transcribe the low-thrust trajectory optimization problem into a discrete nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Finally, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to efficiently solve the nonlinear programming problem and obtain the optimal low-thrust rendezvous/interception trajectories. The rapid design and optimization algorithms developed in this paper are validated by three simulation cases with different performance indexes and boundary constraints.     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

基于库伦摩擦效应的箔片轴承极限承载力理论与试验

基于有限单元法建立了考虑库伦摩擦的波箔型径向气体箔片轴承的箔片结构模型,采用有限差分法和有限单元法耦合求解Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,通过求解轴颈达到极限偏心率时的轴承极限承载力,研究了箔片结构库伦摩擦效应对轴承极限承载力的影响规律,并搭建了轴承极限承载力测试试验台,利用温度法测量了两个具有不同轴承壳内表面粗糙度的波箔型径向气体箔片轴承的轴承极限承载力.通过对比分析仿真结果与试验结果表明:轴承壳圆柱孔内表面粗糙度为0.4μm的轴承在10000r/min和20000r/min下,轴承极限承载力分别为15.5N和42.3N;而表面粗糙度为1.6μm的轴承极限承载力为10.9N和29.6N,这是由于波纹箔片和轴承壳体之间的库伦摩擦力增大了波纹箔片的刚度,因此增大箔片结构摩擦因数使得轴承极限承载力降低,并且仿真结果变化趋势和试验结果变化趋势吻合.      

基于LS-DYNA滚动轴承使役可靠度计算方法

利用软件LS-DYNA对滚动轴承使役过程进行了动态有限元计算,基于响应面法（RSM）建立6408滚动轴承输入参数与输出响应的函数关系方程,设定各类随机误差分布,利用矩阵试验法确定抽样点在输入变量抽样空间的位置,进行一系列确定性拟合试验.每次试验借助LS-DYNA进行精确求解,运用求解数据对方程进行最小二乘法回归分析确定方程的组成项及系数.最后利用函数关系方程计算轴承任意时刻的使役可靠度.结果表明:计算得出该轴承在0.020008s时的使役可靠度为97.062%.      

基于泰勒展开法的转子系统动力特性区间分析方法

对转子系统动力特性运用一种非概率-区间分析方法进行分析.基于区间数学和1阶泰勒展开理论的区间分析方法将非确定参数支承刚度和连接结构刚度视为区间向量,运用泰勒展开法建立了转子系统固有频率的公式.区间分析方法降低了传统的概率分析方法对不确定参数信息的过分要求,为解决含有非确定参数的转子系统动力特性问题提供了一个途径.应用区间泰勒展开法和概率方法对数值算例进行了分析,并比较了结果.当参数非确定性小于20%时,计算得到的转子系统固有频率区间上下界与真实值区间上下界误差小于2.2%.建立了转子系统动力特性试验装置,试验结果验证了方法的有效性.      

压缩空气中悬浮油检测采样方法研究

设计了一套压缩空气中悬浮油检测的采样方法,并对该方法的采样时间、采样流量、采样吸收效率等进行了定量化试验和论证,确认了该方法的适用性。