Fe2+对碳钢硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀行为的影响

对比分析了Q235钢在无Fe2+的接菌培养基和Fe2浓度为30mg/L的接菌培养基中的腐蚀行为.使用光学显微镜跟踪观察Q235钢在两种介质中的表面形貌随时间的变化,用电化学阻抗谱研究Q235钢在两种培养基中的电化学行为.用聚焦离子束显微镜制作Q235钢在两种培养基中的腐蚀产物剖面,并用能谱对腐蚀产物进行成分分析.对电化学阻抗谱所得结果进行拟合,结果表明,Fe2会使Q235钢表面形成的生物膜电阻降低,电容升高,Q235钢反应电阻保持较低,从而使反应持续进行,铁不断溶解.培养基中加入30mg/L的Fe2+后,Q235钢表面附着的细菌显著增多,形成的生物膜厚而疏松,膜中混合有腐蚀产物硫化物,膜下的金属出现众多微小的点蚀.电化学阻抗谱拟合结果与形貌观察及成分分析结果吻合,Fe2+对Q235钢的SRB腐蚀反应具有催化作用.     

Characterization of lunar soils through spectral features extraction in the NIR

Recently launched hyper-spectral instrumentation with ever-increasing data return capabilities deliver the remote-sensing data to characterize planetary soils with increased precision, thus generating the need to classify the returned data in an efficient way for further specialized analysis and detection of features of interest. This paper investigates how lunar near-infrared spectra generated by the SIR-2 on Chandrayaan-1 can be classified into distinctive groups of similar spectra with automated feature extraction algorithms. As common spectral parameters for the SIR-2 spectra, two absorption features near 1300 nm and 2000 and their characteristics provide 10 variables which are used in two different unsupervised clustering methods, the mean-shift clustering algorithm and the recently developed graph cut-based clustering algorithm by Müller et al. (2012). The spectra used in this paper were taken on the lunar near side centering around the Imbrium region of the Moon. More than 100,000 spectra were analyzed.     

High-temperature oxidation behavior and analysis of impedance spectroscopy of 7YSZ thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

Quasi-columnar structure 7YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD) onto pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating, respectively. An isothermal oxidation experiment of 7YSZ TBCs is carried out in the atmosphere of 950 °C in order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation process of engine blades. The isothermal oxidation process of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings is investigated systematically by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical physical model and equivalent circuit of columnar 7YSZ coatings are established. Results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetic curve of columnar 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings appears to follow the parabolic law. A pretreatment of bond coating can reduce the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer, restraining the initiation and propagation of microcracks between YSZ and TGO layers. The oxidation rate constants of 7YSZ coatings with pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating are 0.101×10~(-12) cm~2·s~(-1) and 0.115 × 10~(-13) cm~2 ·s~(-1), respectively. Impedance analysis shows that the content of oxygen vacancies decreases and the density increases after the TGO layer is oxidized for 150 h. In addition, shrinkage microcracks formed by sintering during the oxidation process is the main reason for an increase of the capacitance and a decrease of the resistance in the grain boundary of YSZ.     

放电发射光谱在金属微弧氧化表面处理中的应用研究进展

液相火花放电现象是金属微弧氧化表面处理时典型特征,发射光谱(OES)技术是表征微弧放电光谱特征和探索微弧氧化机理的有效手段。本文综述了铝、镁、钛等金属微弧氧化过程中发射光谱的研究现状。介绍微弧放电区等离子体的电子温度、电子密度等特征参数计算原理。重点关注了不同金属基体材料、电参数及电解液组成条件下,等离子体放电行为对微弧氧化膜结构的影响规律,并比较不同放电模型的异同。基于OES谱线评估得到的各种金属微弧等离子体温度为3000~10000 K,为放电通道内快速熔化-凝固过程促进陶瓷膜生长机制提供证据。     

RTR系统测试精度的改进

对目前使用的ＲＴＲ系统中存在的问题进行了分析,指出影响ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的主要原因是高速运动分析仪的图像分辨率太低及Ｘ射线系统本身造成的系统误差。总结了提高ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的措施,包括提高变压器的稳压性能,改进实验器设计水平,提高试车台架的刚性以及运用图像处理技术等,将这些改进措施应用于ＳＲＭ燃烧室凝相粒子运动规律的实验研究,取得了比较明显的效果。     

复合材料界面的微观力学行为研究单纤维拉出试验

使用一专门设计的模型制作了碳化硅／玻璃复合材料单纤维拉出试样。利用纤维拉曼峰波九偏移一纤维所受应变的近似线性关系,首先测定纤维热残余应变的分布,随后对伸出玻璃基体外的纤维段施加给定的拉伸应变,沿纤维轴向用拉曼光谱术逐点测定基体内外纤维的应变,最后依据力平衡原理将应变分布转换为界面剪切应力沿纤维轴向的分布。结果表明：在给出一实验参数下,界面传递应力长度为０．１８ｍｍ,最大界面剪切应力的位置在ｘ为０．     

凹腔结构对超声速燃烧室中横向燃料喷流流动与燃烧的影响

在超声速燃烧室的壁面上安装具有不同长深比、深度以及后壁倾角的凹腔,在凹腔上游壁面横向喷注燃料射流。分别利用掺有丙酮蒸气的氦气和氢气模拟不燃烧和燃烧两种情况下的横向燃料喷流,利用平面激光诱导荧光技术分别对流场中不同截面上的丙酮和氢氧基进行成像,同时对不燃烧情况下的喷流流场进行了数值仿真。研究发现:凹腔结构主要通过影响由凹腔后壁高压区向凹腔前壁传播高压扰动的行为来影响凹腔内部的静压分布,从而影响燃料的流动过程;凹腔长深比减小、深度或后壁倾角增大都有助于高压扰动的前传,导致燃料不易向凹腔内部偏转以及进入凹腔的燃料质量减少;凹腔长深比和深度的增加可增大凹腔内低速回流区的范围,有助于增强凹腔内部的燃烧以及火焰稳定能力;凹腔后壁倾角对燃料燃烧的影响不显著。     

Hubble Space Telescope spectroscopy of massive hot stars in the Magellanic Clouds and M31

Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS) high signal to noise spectrograms were obtained for 15 OB stars in the Magellanic Clouds^***, three of which are of spectral type O3. The data cover the spectral region from 1150 A – 2300 A with a resolution of /1 A. One O8.5 supergiant, OB78#231, in M31is also included in this work. These data are a substantial improvement on previous high resolution IUE observations in the Magellanic Clouds (Walborn et al. 1985 and references therein) because of the smaller aperture and the much better signal to noise ratio, while no high resolution UV spectra of O stars in M31 have been obtained before. In this paper we discuss various morphological aspects of the spectra, concerning metallicity and the stellar winds, compared to galactic analogues.     

The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Investigation

The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) is part of the remote sensing payload of the Cassini orbiter spacecraft. UVIS has two spectrographic channels that provide images and spectra covering the ranges from 56 to 118 nm and 110 to 190 nm. A third optical path with a solar blind CsI photocathode is used for high signal-to-noise-ratio stellar occultations by rings and atmospheres. A separate Hydrogen Deuterium Absorption Cell measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from their Lyman-α emission. The UVIS science objectives include investigation of the chemistry, aerosols, clouds, and energy balance of the Titan and Saturn atmospheres; neutrals in the Saturn magnetosphere; the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratio for Titan and Saturn; icy satellite surface properties; and the structure and evolution of Saturn’s rings.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

XANES analysis of organic residues produced from the UV irradiation of astrophysical ice analogs

Organic residues formed in the laboratory from the ultraviolet (UV) photo-irradiation or ion bombardment of astrophysical ice analogs have been extensively studied for the last 15 years with a broad suite of techniques, including infrared (IR) and UV spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry. Analyses of these materials show that they consist of complex mixtures of organic compounds stable at room temperature, mostly soluble, that have not been fully characterized. However, the hydrolysis products of these residues have been partly identified using chromatography techniques, which indicate that they contain molecular precursors of prebiotic interest such as amino acids, nitrile-bearing compounds, and amphiphilic compounds. In this study, we present the first X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy measurements of three organic residues made from the UV irradiation of ices having different starting compositions. XANES spectra confirm the presence of different chemical functions in these residues, and indicate that they are rich in nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing species. These data can be compared with XANES measurements of extraterrestrial materials. Finally, this study also shows how soft X rays can alter the chemical composition of samples.