基于PD控制的仿昆虫扑翼样机研制

仿昆虫微型扑翼飞行器（FW-MAN）可以模仿昆虫悬停、垂直起飞以及侧飞等飞行姿态，从而适应复杂多障碍环境，具有广阔的应用前景。成功设计研制了一款重23.8 g，翼展18 cm，扑动幅值180°，扑动频率可达22 Hz的可垂直起飞的仿昆虫微型扑翼飞行器。采用曲柄摇杆与滑轮的组合机构作为样机扑动机构以解决原有样机扑动方案存在高摩擦及结构复杂等问题，样机翅翼设计为具有扭转角度的柔性翅翼从而使样机具有更高的气动效率。考虑到现有的姿态调节机制存在增加机构复杂度问题，基于翅翼扭转的姿态调节机制，设计了相应的控制调节机构，并搭建了样机气动力测量平台和姿态调节平台。气动升力与姿态力矩测量结果表明，样机翅翼可提供足够升力，姿态调节机制具有可行性。在此基础上，选取PD （Proportional Differential）控制律作为样机控制方式，为解决参数调定耗时及直接试飞样机不易观察控制效果问题，基于姿态调节平台获取了初始控制参数，然后对样机进行了多次试飞实验，并多次调定参数，最终实现了样机稳定垂直起飞。     

A proposal on the test of general relativity by clock transportation experiments

We propose a test of the gravitational time dilation in general relativity by long term clock comparison between two stations separated in height. The geopotential difference between the two National time keeping centers in China, Lintong (A)$(A)$ and Beijing (B)$(B)$ is around 4000 geopotential unit, which corresponds to the height difference of 400 m. Two clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ are fixed at stations A and B, respectively, which are synchronized at beginning by a portable clock C in a short time period with go-back synchronization approach. After one month, the clock C is again transported between A and B  , comparing the records of the keeping time by clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$, respectively. Calculations show that, after one month, the difference of the time durations between the clocks _CA$C_A$ and _CB$C_B$ is around 121 ns, if general relativity is correct.     

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gust Response Alleviation Using Neuro-fuzzy Control Law for a Flexible Wing Model

Two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws are designed for a flexible large-aspect-ratio wing model. Simulations and comparisons of random gust alleviation using the two control laws are performed. Based on the better neuro-fuzzy control law, experiments and simulations of sinusoidal gust alleviation using one-control-surface control system and two-control-surface control system are developed. The investigations show that the two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws can alleviate random gust responses effectively. The neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control law including a modifying factor is better than the other one without it. Further, the better one has good effects on the sinusoidal gust alleviation at different frequencies and flow velocities. The two-control-surface control system has better effects on gust response alleviation than the one-control-surface control system when the gust is strong. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. These results can be usefully referenced to the design of actual gust alleviation control systems.     

民用飞机尾旋特性预测与尾旋风洞试验验证

通过查阅资料,收集在不同试验技术条件下研究所获得的不同固定翼飞机的尾旋特性数据,进行分析和比较获得了一些有意义的经验性结论。选取了几架在布局上与飞机A最为相似的飞机进行了尾旋特性的初步预测,并进一步利用飞机在完全发展尾旋条件下的力矩平衡原理,结合作图法(交点法)预测了飞机A在完全发展稳定尾旋条件下的攻角(α)与无因次旋转角速度(λ)。最后利用一个动力相似缩比飞机模型在尾旋风洞中进行尾旋试验研究,所获得的试验结果也印证了上述预测方法的合理性。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

涡轮叶片表面气膜冷却的传热实验研究

对压力面和吸力面各有双排气膜孔冷却的涡轮导向叶片表面进行了详细的传热实验研究,在不同吹风比下获得了当地气膜冷却效率和换热系数,结合流场测量结果分析了叶片表面冷却和换热规律。结果表明不同孔排位置叶片表面气膜冷却效率和换热规律有很大不同,孔排位置一定时,冷却效果主要由吹风比决定。结果还表明尽管冷气喷射使型面换热系数随吹风比的增大而显著增大,气膜冷却还是能有效的降低型面的热负荷,其中以中吹风比喷射时冷却效果最为显著。     

Convergence Analysis of the Numerical Solution for Cathode Design of Aero-engine Blades in Electrochemical Machining

As a main difficult problem encountered in electrochemical machining （ECM）, the cathode design is tackled, at present, with various numerical analysis methods such as finite difference, finite element and boundary element methods. Among them, the finite element method presents more flexibility to deal with the irregularly shaped workpieces. However, it is very difficult to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach. This paper proposes an accurate model and a finite element numerical approach of cathode design based on the potential distribution in inter-electrode gap. In order to ensure the convergence of finite element numerical approach and increase the accuracy in cathode design, the cathode shape should be iterated to eliminate the design errors in computational process. Several experiments are conducted to verify the machining accuracy of the designed cathode. The experimental results have proven perfect convergence and good computing accuracy of the proposed finite element numerical approach by the high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined blades.     

基于遗传算法与响应面模型的压气机叶片气动优化设计

1引言由于叶轮机械内部复杂的三维流动,各种波涡结构的广泛存在,吸引了众多学者对其进行了积极的探索与研究。CFD作为可靠省时的设计手段之一,在叶轮机械气动设计的过程中显示了其卓越的性能[1~3]。June Chung和Lee K i D[4]采用基于梯度法的优化程序,以绝热效率为目标函数对NA     

利用试验设计法建立翼型气动特性的人工神经网络模型

建立了翼型气动特性预测的BP(Back Propagation)神经网络模型,重点研究了3种选取训练样本的试验设计(DOE)法:完全析因法、正交设计法和均匀设计法,对BP神经网络预测精度的影响,利用所建立的BP神经网络对FX63-137翼型几何型线进行了优化设计。研究结果表明:在因素数和水平数较少时,完全析因法、正交设计法及均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.002%、0.029%、0.023%;在因素和水平数较多时,完全析因法的样本规模太大而不再适合,正交设计法和均匀设计法的平均测试误差分别为0.42%和0.15%,均匀设计法的预测精度更高,更适合于翼型气动特性预测的人工神经网络模型。优化后翼型的升阻比在迎角为0°~18°范围内均高于原始翼型,在迎角为1°、4°和15°时升阻比分别提高了4.38%、1.38%和5.51%。该研究方法及成果可以应用于翼型的多参数优化设计。     

Initial ground experiments of silkworm cultures living on different feedstock for provision of high quality animal protein for human in space

Silkworm could be an alternative to provide edible animal protein in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for long-term manned space missions. Silkworms can consume non-edible plant residue and convert plant nutrients to high quality edible animal protein for astronauts. The preliminary investigation of silkworm culture was carried out in earth environment. The silkworms were fed with artificial silkworm diet and the leaves of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish) separately and the nutritional structure of silkworm was investigated and compared, The culture experiments showed that: (1) Stem lettuce leaves could be used as food of silkworm. The protein content of silkworm fed with lettuce leaves can reach 70% of dry mass. (2) The protein content of silkworm powder produced by the fifth instar silkworm larvae was 70%, which was similar to the protein content of silkworm pupae. The powder of the fifth instar silkworm larvae can be utilized by astronaut. (3) The biotransformation rate of silkworm larvae between the third instar and the fifth instar could reach above 70%. The biotransformation cycle of silkworm was determined as 24 days. (4) Using the stem lettuce leaves to raise silkworm, the coarse fiber content of silkworm excrements reached about 33%. The requirements of space silkworm culture equipment, feeding approaches and feeding conditions were also preliminarily designed and calculated. It is estimated that 2.2 m³ of culture space could satisfy daily animal protein demand for seven astronauts.