自转旋翼机飞行性能理论建模技术

为研究自转旋翼机的飞行性能理论建模技术,基于基本分析法和配平分析法,对自转旋翼机整机需用功率的建模方法进行了研究,并研究了自转旋翼机的桨盘迎角特性、升阻特性以及自转旋翼桨叶剖面迎角分布特性等。研究表明:建立的基本分析法和配平分析法计算模型均可以准确计算自转旋翼机的整机需用功率和自转旋翼桨盘迎角,两种方法均可用于自转旋翼机飞行性能的分析;小速度时整机需用功率主要来自于自转旋翼功率,大速度时机身废阻功率成为整机需用功率的主要来源;适当增加总距可以提高自转旋翼和整机的升阻比;在自转旋翼设计时可以对桨叶剖面翼型的展向分布进行优化,在桨根处优先采用相对不易失速的翼型以推迟失速对最大飞行速度的限制。     

带有引诱角色的有限时间协同制导方法

为实现高价值飞行器的有效突防，采用突防飞行器携带一枚防御器的协同突防方案，在突防器作为引诱角色的情况下，基于有限时间控制理论提出了一种带有拦截角约束的协同制导方法。基于飞行器相对运动学方程和一阶动力学特性，建立了带有拦截角约束的协同反拦截模型；用度量矩阵刻画系统有限时间输入输出动态品质，基于微分线性矩阵不等式给出了有限时间状态反馈控制器设计方法。数学仿真表明，该方法能够确保防御器在有限时间内以预置的拦截角有效拦截对方拦截器；在突防器进行引诱配合的情况下，协同突防方案能够大幅节省防御器需用加速度，验证了协同制导方法的有效性；同时，所提制导方法在不同拦截角度和初始发射条件下都能达到较好的控制效果，表现出较强的鲁棒性。     

Debris flux comparisons from the Goldstone Radar,Haystack Radar,and Hax Radar prior,during, and after the last solar maximum

The continual monitoring of the low Earth orbit (LEO) debris environment using highly sensitive radars is essential for an accurate characterization of these dynamic populations. Debris populations are continually evolving since there are new debris sources, previously unrecognized debris sources, and debris loss mechanisms that are dependent on the dynamic space environment. Such radar data are used to supplement, update, and validate existing orbital debris models. NASA has been utilizing radar observations of the debris environment for over a decade from three complementary radars: the NASA JPL Goldstone radar, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar), and the MIT/LL Haystack Auxiliary radar (HAX). All of these systems are highly sensitive radars that operate in a fixed staring mode to statistically sample orbital debris in the LEO environment. Each of these radars is ideally suited to measure debris within a specific size region. The Goldstone radar generally observes objects with sizes from 2 mm to 1 cm. The Haystack radar generally measures from 5 mm to several meters. The HAX radar generally measures from 2 cm to several meters. These overlapping size regions allow a continuous measurement of cumulative debris flux versus diameter from 2 mm to several meters for a given altitude window. This is demonstrated for all three radars by comparing the debris flux versus diameter over 200 km altitude windows for 3 nonconsecutive years from 1998 to 2003. These years correspond to periods before, during, and after the peak of the last solar cycle. Comparing the year to year flux from Haystack for each of these altitude regions indicate statistically significant changes in subsets of the debris populations. Potential causes of these changes are discussed. These analysis results include error bars that represent statistical sampling errors.     

Recent development of casing treatments for aero-engine compressors

Casing treatment is a mature stabilization technique which has been widely applied on aero-engines for modern aircrafts and turbo-chargers for automobiles. After the investigations of half century since the 1960s, this technique has been well developed for various configurations with different effectiveness. From the perspective of stabilization mechanism, this paper roughly categorizes the configurations of casing treatment into two types: traditional ones which work by affecting the flow structure of blade tip region; a novel one named as Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment. The effectiveness of both types will be demonstrated for their applications on axial compressors and centrifugal compressors with uniform or distorted inlet. And the stabilization mechanism of casing treatments for regular types and SPS one will also be explained respectively. In addition, this review will summarize the methodologies of casing treatments with the numerical simulations for regular grooved configurations and the eigenvalue approach for SPS casing treatment. Looking forward to the future of compressor stabilization, casing treatment technique will still exist as a general and inexpensive option, and the exploration for its effectiveness and mechanism will be deeper with the development of computational fluid dynamics and advanced measurement techniques.     

小型化精密电机轴向预紧力调整研究

通过对液浮陀螺电机轴向预紧力调整情况及声音异常现象的分析,归纳和完善了电机轴向预紧力调整过程中的经验调法,并对电机轴向预紧力的量化调整进行了摸索和探讨,提出了较为可行的解决措施,从一定程度上保证了电机装调质量,提高了小型化精密电机装调合格率。     

基于DMD方法的超声速进气道喘振特性分析

采用非定常数值仿真方法对典型超声速进气道的喘振现象进行了研究，并引入动力模态分解(DMD)方法对小喘和大喘流动特性进行了分析，获取了小喘及大喘的流场振荡特征，其中DMD得到的1阶模态反映了时均流场特征、2阶模态反映了主频振荡流场特性。在此基础上，针对小喘与大喘的相互关系进行了研究，结果表明:进气道内小喘流动包含大喘的流场振荡特性，小喘状态是进气道由不喘到大喘状态的中间状态，由小喘向大喘演化过程中，进气道内一些流动特征逐渐减弱并趋于稳定收敛，大喘的流场结构整体上比小喘状态更为稳定。      

具有Fuzzy约束的多目标规划解的稳定性

本文研究具有Ｆｕｚｚｙ约束的多目标规划解的稳定性。首先利用对称三角Ｆｕｚｚｙ数建立了带参数的Ｆｕｚｚｙ规划，然后讨论了其解集的一种稳定性，并得到了α－（弱）有效解对级数α是稳定的结果。     

航空发动机防喘系统扩稳构件优化研究

为获得防喘系统的最佳效能，采用温度畸变发生器作为逼喘装置，分别给出了不同发动机扩稳构件的试验结果。优化试验以发动机进口临界温升为目标。讨论了某涡扇、涡喷发动机扩稳构件在不同形式组合方案下的扩稳效果。结果表明．防喘系统扩稳效果最为显著的是采用减少或切断燃油的手段，但其缺点是会导致推力下降较大，因此扩稳方案需综合考虑，应从有效性、发动机重量、机动飞行和可靠性能力等方面进行权衡。     

气囊硬度对固化后帽型长桁厚度的影响

为满足宽体客机机身轻质高强的要求，机身复合材料蒙皮需要长桁的支撑以提高复合材料壁板的刚度。为获得厚度均匀性良好的帽型长桁加筋壁板，对帽型长桁加筋壁板成型工艺中真空袋囊芯模的方法进行了改进，提出了一种硅橡胶囊芯模与真空袋囊芯模相结合的方法，获得了厚度均匀性良好的帽型长桁壁板，满足机身复合材料帽型长桁-蒙皮共固化成型时尺寸精度的要求。利用有限元仿真方法，研究了硅橡胶囊芯模截面尺寸、硅橡胶材料属性对长桁厚度均匀性的影响，结果发现所用硅橡胶囊芯模硬度越大，长桁尺寸均匀性越差。不同条件下所得长桁厚度对理论分析的准确性进行了验证。考虑硅橡胶硬度对长桁尺寸均匀性及工艺操作性的影响，最终选定所用硅橡胶气囊硬度为50HA，所得蒙皮-长桁实际测量的平均厚度与理论厚度偏差小于6%，细观分析发现蒙皮-长桁连接处纤维走向没有发生变形。     

沟槽型面减阻特性数值模拟研究

基于人工压缩性方法，时间项采用隐式离散、对流项采用基于Roe近似Riemann解的迎风格式，研究了三维不可压粘性流动的数值模拟方法，湍流模型采用Baldwin-Barth一方程模型，利用所发展的不可压粘性流数值模拟方法，对典型几类V型、间隔三角型和U型沟槽型面的不可压粘性流场进行了数值模拟计算研究，探索了上述几类沟槽型面参数对湍流减阻特性的影响规律，从表面摩阻、速度场等方面分析了上述几类沟槽型面的减阻作用机理。研究结果表明：上述典型沟槽的减阻效果可以分别达到7．6％，10．5％和5．0％，与国内外相关实验结果符合一致，所发展的计算方法是成功的、可行的。