直接升力控制对飞机着舰稳定性的改善

本文讨论了舰载飞机以最小需用推力对应速度(V_(?))的左侧速度进场的航迹稳定性问题。并对直接升力控制对着舰稳定性的改善进行了初步探讨.结果表明,采用直接升力控制来保证飞机着舰稳定性是可行的.     

平头增阻再入体俯仰动态特性计算与流动机理分析

采用自由振荡法数值模拟了一种平头增阻再入体的高超声速俯仰动态特性,沿用稳定性导数模型作为动态特性的指标,通过把稳定性导数视为攻角的函数来考虑非线性影响,并应用奇异分解线性最小二乘法辨识稳定性导数。对于本文研究对象,计算结果表明,平头外形在较高马赫数和小攻角范围内存在动不稳定现象,随着再入时马赫数的降低,动不稳定的攻角范围不断缩小,直至演化为动稳定的。文中对平头外形出现这种动态特性现象的空气动力学原因进行了分析,有必要作进一步的确证与研究。     

考虑流向曲率和压力梯度的可压缩边界层稳定性分析

以圆弧,平板和尖锥为研究对象,基于线性稳定性理论,重点讨论了曲率和压力梯度对可压缩边界层稳定性的影响。     

均布载荷作用下正交各向异性圆锥扁薄壳的非线性稳定性问题

 本文研究了均布载荷作用下边缘可移夹支正交各向异性圆锥扁薄壳的轴对称屈曲问题。利用摄动法得到了临界载荷的近似解析表达式,对几种典型的纤维增强复合材料圆锥扁薄壳给出了数值结果和图表,可供工程应用参考。     

某RLV飞行器投放轨迹的设计与分析

对于可重复使用发射式飞行器RLV(Reusable Launch Vehicles)设计投放轨迹,并作轨迹特性分析.根据投放几何和飞行器性能约束确定目标轨迹,将轨迹分为四个阶段,分别为:消耗多余能量的S型转弯段;改变飞行器航向并转向航向校正圆柱HAC (Heading Alignment Cylinder)的过渡飞行段;航向校正圆柱段;进一步调整能量以满足终端要求的着陆前飞行段.在各段衔接处设置窗口检查,在轨迹仿真过程中对轨迹进行进一步调整,得到投放轨迹.作为导航和控制的参考轨迹,还对飞行器进行了沿轨迹的操稳性分析和检查.结果表明所建立的轨迹设计方法能够提供满意的精度;轨迹对常值扰动敏感,对高频扰动不敏感.     

机器人的自适应混合控制

考虑了当机器人动力学模型中含有未知参数时,机器人适从运动的混合控制器设计问题。对于一个机械臂手端与刚性环境发生光滑接触的约束运动类型,设计出了一个自适应控制器。     

Energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellite formation flying in the presence of uncertainties

In this study, a two-step control methodology is developed for energy-optimal reconfiguration of satellites in formation in the presence of uncertainties or external disturbances. First, based on a linear deterministic system model, an optimal control law is analytically determined such that a satellite maneuvers from an initial state to a final state relative to another satellite. The structure of this optimal solution is predetermined and simply given by a linear combination of the fundamental matrix solutions associated with the original equations of relative motion. Only the coefficients are to be determined to satisfy given initial and final conditions. In the second step, an uncertain nonlinear formation system is considered and a robust adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the effects of uncertainties or disturbances that the formation system may encounter. Although the control strategy is inspired by sliding mode control, it produces smooth control signals, thereby avoiding chattering. Also, an adaptation law is added such that the uncertainty or disturbance effects are effectively and quickly eliminated without a priori information about them. The combination of these two controllers guarantees that the satellite accurately tracks the optimal path in the unknown environment. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed two-step control methodology, in which a satellite formation is optimally reconfigured under unknown environmental disturbances.     

Solar sail deployment dynamics

The deployment dynamics of a solar sail consisting of four flexible booms and four membrane quadrants are studied. First, previous work on modelling only one membrane quadrant attached to two axially moving beams using time-varying quasi-modal expansion is extended to be applicable to the complete four-quadrant system. This is achieved via “lifting” the quadrant-level matrices into system-level forms by mapping the former’s constituent blocks to the correct partitions in the latter. After the quadrant-to-system conversion of the matrices, the equations of motion from the authors’ previous work readily apply to the complete system. Modal analysis is performed on a constant-length sail to validate the model’s basic foundations against the results obtained by finite element methods in the past literature. Deployment simulation results are presented, numerical parameter studies that show possibility of instability are performed using the system’s eigenvalues, and the stability results are discussed.     

Measuring atmospheric density using GPS–LEO tracking data

We present a method to estimate the total neutral atmospheric density from precise orbit determination of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. We derive the total atmospheric density by determining the drag force acting on the LEOs through centimeter-level reduced-dynamic precise orbit determination (POD) using onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking data. The precision of the estimated drag accelerations is assessed using various metrics, including differences between estimated along-track accelerations from consecutive 30-h POD solutions which overlap by 6 h, comparison of the resulting accelerations with accelerometer measurements, and comparison against an existing atmospheric density model, DTM-2000. We apply the method to GPS tracking data from CHAMP, GRACE, SAC-C, Jason-2, TerraSAR-X and COSMIC satellites, spanning 12 years (2001–2012) and covering orbital heights from 400 km to 1300 km. Errors in the estimates, including those introduced by deficiencies in other modeled forces (such as solar radiation pressure and Earth radiation pressure), are evaluated and the signal and noise levels for each satellite are analyzed. The estimated density data from CHAMP, GRACE, SAC-C and TerraSAR-X are identified as having high signal and low noise levels. These data all have high correlations with anominal atmospheric density model and show common features in relative residuals with respect to the nominal model in related parameter space. On the contrary, the estimated density data from COSMIC and Jason-2 show errors larger than the actual signal at corresponding altitudes thus having little practical value for this study. The results demonstrate that this method is applicable to data from a variety of missions and can provide useful total neutral density measurements for atmospheric study up to altitude as high as 715 km, with precision and resolution between those derived from traditional special orbital perturbation analysis and those obtained from onboard accelerometers.     

Debris flux comparisons from the Goldstone Radar,Haystack Radar,and Hax Radar prior,during, and after the last solar maximum

The continual monitoring of the low Earth orbit (LEO) debris environment using highly sensitive radars is essential for an accurate characterization of these dynamic populations. Debris populations are continually evolving since there are new debris sources, previously unrecognized debris sources, and debris loss mechanisms that are dependent on the dynamic space environment. Such radar data are used to supplement, update, and validate existing orbital debris models. NASA has been utilizing radar observations of the debris environment for over a decade from three complementary radars: the NASA JPL Goldstone radar, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar), and the MIT/LL Haystack Auxiliary radar (HAX). All of these systems are highly sensitive radars that operate in a fixed staring mode to statistically sample orbital debris in the LEO environment. Each of these radars is ideally suited to measure debris within a specific size region. The Goldstone radar generally observes objects with sizes from 2 mm to 1 cm. The Haystack radar generally measures from 5 mm to several meters. The HAX radar generally measures from 2 cm to several meters. These overlapping size regions allow a continuous measurement of cumulative debris flux versus diameter from 2 mm to several meters for a given altitude window. This is demonstrated for all three radars by comparing the debris flux versus diameter over 200 km altitude windows for 3 nonconsecutive years from 1998 to 2003. These years correspond to periods before, during, and after the peak of the last solar cycle. Comparing the year to year flux from Haystack for each of these altitude regions indicate statistically significant changes in subsets of the debris populations. Potential causes of these changes are discussed. These analysis results include error bars that represent statistical sampling errors.