Effect of adding Nb foil on joint properties of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy

It is difficult to gain effective Ti-Al fusion welding joints due to their differences in thermal properties and the appearance of brittle Ti-Al Intermetallic Compounds (IMCs). The experiments of laser fusion welding for TC4 titanium and 7075 aluminum alloy were carried out, temperature field and ductility/brittleness, as well as chemical potential of elements, were calculated, and the effect of adding Nb foil on mechanical properties of the weld was also investigated. The results suggested that Nb atoms tend to diffuse toward Al side, which is conducive to the participation of Nb in the metallurgical reaction and contributes to forming the Ti-Nb-Al IMC layer at the interface. As the thickness of Nb foil increases, the tensile-shear force of joint climbs first but then declines, and reaches the highest value of 1663 N with 0.10 mm-thickness Nb foil, representing 58.38% enhancement compared with the non-added one. Adding Nb foil slows down the heat transfer as a blocker, and thus both the melting amount of Al and the mixing area of Ti and Al decrease. In addition, Nb alloying reduces the brittleness of the Ti-Al compound. Hence, the joint properties of titanium/aluminum are improved with the addition of Nb foil.     

A robust Poisson multi-Bernoulli filter for multi-target tracking based on arithmetic average fusion

The coalescence and missed detection are two key challenges in Multi-Target Tracking (MTT). To balance the tracking accuracy and real-time performance, the existing Random Finite Set (RFS) based filters are generally difficult to handle the above problems simultaneously, such as the Track-Oriented marginal Multi-Bernoulli/Poisson (TOMB/P) and Measurement-Oriented marginal Multi-Bernoulli/Poisson (MOMB/P) filters. Based on the Arithmetic Average (AA) fusion rule, this paper proposes a novel fusion framework for the Poisson Multi-Bernoulli (PMB) filter, which integrates both the advantages of the TOMB/P filter in dealing with missed detection and the advantages of the MOMB/P filter in dealing with coalescence. In order to fuse the different PMB distributions, the Bernoulli components in different Multi-Bernoulli (MB) distributions are associated with each other by Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) minimization. Moreover, an adaptive AA fusion rule is designed on the basis of the exponential fusion weights, which utilizes the TOMB/P and MOMB/P updates to solve these difficulties in MTT. Finally, by comparing with the TOMB/P and MOMB/P filters, the performance of the proposed filter in terms of accuracy and efficiency is demonstrated in three challenging scenarios.     

核聚变空间推进器的初步需求分析

参考一种简化的、解析近似的计算模型，以地球到火星的对接任务和往返任务为例，对核聚变等离子体推进器性能关键参数如推进系统质量、比冲、任务时间、有效载荷份额及比功率等进行分析，得出了任务时间和有效载荷质量份额与聚变堆芯输出功率、推进器结构质量和比冲的依赖关系。在此基础上，结合核聚变地面商业堆的相关进展，对现有的技术做合理适当外推，理论计算表明:飞行任务能够在1~2个月内达到目的星球同时可携带超过10%的有效载荷份额，并提出了未来核聚变空间推进器的初步参数方案和设计构想，总体上能够为未来核聚变空间推进技术的发展提供一定的参考。      

航空发动机叶片高精度自动测量系统

为了解决叶片完整型面自动测量存在的问题,提出了一种叶片高精度自动测量融合系统.系统结合双目三维扫描装置和电控转台,利用高精度校准平面旋转,通过平面拟合、虚拟转轴及角度计算,获取高精度四元数及中心位置坐标后完成自身定位.多次测量数据以中心坐标为中心,进行四元数运算,即可实现叶片实时测量融合.对融合后数据采用阈值迭代就近点(ICP)算法收敛处理消除机械转动误差.结果表明:系统装置综合精度为0.03~0.04mm,可自动、高效、稳定地实现发动机叶片的高精度测量.      

航空滚动轴承振动特征的故障灵敏度分析与融合技术

针对工程中航空滚动轴承实时状态监测的需要，提出了基于标准化欧氏距离的多特征融合评估方法。首先，进行了航空滚动轴承故障模拟试验，引入了故障灵敏度的定量评价指标，对融合前后特征的故障灵敏度进行了分析；在此基础上，将所提方法与主分量分析、支持向量数据描述和支持向量分布估计方法相比较；最后，进行了轴承疲劳加速试验，将所提融合方法应用于航空滚动轴承状态监测。试验表明:相比于主分量分析、支持向量数据描述和支持向量分布估计，基于标准化欧氏距离的融合值的故障灵敏度更高；其对不同类型、不同阶段的航空滚动轴承故障更加灵敏，相比于有效值更适合作为航空滚动轴承状态监测的指标。      

基于原始观测值的UWB增强GNSS精密单点定位方法研究

全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)可提供全球范围内全天候高精度导航、定位和授时服务。以精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)为代表的绝对定位技术凭借定位精度高且全球一致、作业范围灵活等优势受到广泛关注,但是较长的收敛时间,限制了其在实时、快速精密定位应用中的使用。为解决上述问题,提出了超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)增强PPP方法,在多星座PPP中紧密集成UWB测距信息,以提高GNSS PPP性能。实验结果表明,在动态场景下,融合UWB量测使GPS/GAL双系统PPP在东、北、天3个方向的位置均方根(root mean square,RMS)值分别减少了76.99%、21.46%、64.53%,GPS/GAL/BDS三系统PPP减少了69.69%、37.21%、61.32%,并且收敛时间分别加快62.78%和57.75%。关于锚点数(几何构型)的评估表明,仅利用4个锚点就能将双系统和三系统3D误差RMS值减少67.98%、59.35%,收敛时间加快76.14%、62.68%,达到成本和性能综合最优的增强效果。     

北斗高精度高可信PPP-RTK服务基本框架

北斗高精度高可信定位是实现无人系统自动驾驶的重要基础。近年来发展的实时动态精密单点定位（PPP-RTK）技术，融合了网络RTK和PPP的技术优势，逐渐成为学术和工业界关注的焦点。PPP-RTK以状态域改正信息为核心，可同时提供精准可信的时空信息服务，因而获得了自动驾驶等高生命安全领域应用的一致青睐。然而，目前国内外对PPP-RTK技术的研究主要聚焦于高精度技术，在高可信方面尚未形成可行的理论基础和服务框架。针对此，以PPP-RTK高精度定位理论体系为基础，探讨了北斗/GNSS PPP-RTK高精度高可信服务的用户需求、基本概念、理论方法与技术框架，同时给出了部分关键技术的代表性解决思路，为北斗/GNSS高精度高可信PPP-RTK技术体系和服务架构的建立奠定基础。     

基于联邦滤波的SINS/GNSS/OD/高度计多源组合导航算法研究

针对城市情况下车载导航时单一导航源易受干扰的问题,提出了一种基于自适应联邦Kalman滤波的多源组合导航算法.该模型具有两级结构,由子滤波器进行各信息源局部估计后,通过主滤波器进行最优融合估计.融合具有不同工作特点的导航传感器的输出信息组成多源信息组合导航系统,从而提高了导航系统的精度和鲁棒性,且通过故障诊断算法实时检测并隔离故障信息源.给出了联邦滤波算法设计,并进行了实际车载实验.实验结果表明,该算法能够提高导航系统的稳定性及精度.     

航空发动机主轴轴承状态监测研究现状与发展趋势

航空发动机主轴轴承承受着高温、高速、重载、贫油、断油等极端工况,其疲劳、磨损等失效问题严重影响发动机的可靠性.因此,对航空发动机主轴轴承的使用状态进行有效精确监测极为重要.对航空发动机主轴轴承工况特点、主要失效模式和失效机制进行了梳理;针对主轴轴承的状态监测方法和技术,总结并对比分析了现有主轴轴承振动、滑油状态、声音、...