中小企业产业投资基金的逆向选择问题分析

主要研究在信息不对称条件下,从产业投资基金管理人的角度出发,利用模型证明中小企业的逆向选择行为会影响产业投资基金的运作,进而为基金管理人提出解决逆向选择问题的建议和策略。     

An empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary shocks

We extend the empirical coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival model of Gopalswamy et al. [Gopalswamy, N. et al. Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29207, 2001] to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary (IP) shocks. A set of 29 IP shocks and the associated magnetic clouds observed by the Wind spacecraft are used for this study. The primary input to this empirical shock arrival model is the initial speed of white-light CMEs obtained using coronagraphs. We use the gas dynamic piston–shock relationship to derive the ESA model which provides a simple means of obtaining the 1-AU speed and arrival times of interplanetary shocks using CME speeds.     

Space weather and commercial airlines

Space weather phenomena can effect many areas of commercial airline operations including avionics, communications and GPS navigation systems. Of particular importance at present is the recently introduced EU legislation requiring the monitoring of aircrew radiation exposure, including any variations at aircraft altitudes due to solar activity. With the introduction of new ultra-long-haul “over-the-pole” routes, “more-electric” aircraft in the future, and the increasing use of satellites in the operation, the need for a better understanding of the space weather impacts on future airline operations becomes all the more compelling. This paper will present the various space weather effects, some provisional results of an ongoing 3-year study to monitor cosmic radiation in aircraft, and conclude by summarising some of the identified key operational issues, which must be addressed, with the help of the science community, if the airlines want to benefit from the availability of space weather services.     

On one approach to space weather studies from ground based observations during 1953–2001

The cross correlation of daily values of coronal hole areas at the eastern limb of the Sun constructed from the ground based measurements of the green coronal line and daily mean cosmic ray intensities over long time periods shows asymmetry: at the maximum of their 27 day cycle, cosmic ray intensities are better correlated with coronal hole areas 66 days before than with the current value. This indicates the potential for using coronal emission data as one of the parameters for eventual prediction of the level of cosmic ray flux at neutron monitor energies.     

太阳X-EUV成像望远镜的移动补偿系统

卫星帆板转动和自身颤动会导致太阳X射线-极紫外射线(X-EUV)成像望远镜的成像质量下降.用移动补偿系统控制相机的CCD驱动器,使势阱转移到相邻相的位置上,转移的方向正好与图像在传感器上移动方向一致,使得图像的每个光子在移动后仍然落入传感器的同一个势阱内,补偿由于帆板移动造成的图像偏移.CCD相移沿列的方向进行,而CCD的列平行于东西向.高精度太阳敏感器使用两轴直角坐标来定位太阳的位置.移动补偿系统只使用其中一个轴向数据,由于南北指向误差远远小于东西指向,因此不对南北指向补偿.该移动补偿系统利用高精度太阳敏感器构成半闭环控制系统,通过偏移CCD势阱来实现一个方向上的移动补偿.该方案可以在不增加成本的前提下,消除长时间曝光过程中的太阳的平移和帆板颤动对图像质量造成的影响,扩大动态观测范围.      

On the detection of anomalous seismo-ionospheric behavior in the presence of space weather stimuli for large earthquakes

Anomalous behavior of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) prior to earthquake has been observed in many studies. Evidence of such seismo-ionospheric coupling effects suggests that it is plausible to rely on TEC signatures for early earthquake warning. However, the detection of pre-earthquake TEC anomalies (PETA) has not been adopted in practice due to two pertinent issues. Firstly, the effects of space weather activity can affect TEC levels and cause anomalous behavior in the TEC. Usually arbitrary thresholds are set for space weather indices to eliminate TEC anomaly due to space weather effects. Secondly, the choice regarding moving time-window length used to characterise background variation of TEC within the statistical envelope approach has an effect on detection of PETA. While the rule-of-thumb in selecting the moving window length is to have a time window capable of capturing background variability and short-term fluctuations, the length of the time window used in the literature varies with little justification. In this study, a critical examination is conducted on the statistical envelope approach and in particular, to eliminate the effect of space weather activity without the use of arbitrary space indices to detect PETA. A two-part PETA identification procedure is proposed, consisting of wavelet analyses isolating non-earthquake TEC contributions, followed by the statistical envelope method using a moving window length standardized based on observed periodicities and statistical implications is suggested. The approach is tested on a database of 30 large earthquakes (M?≥?7.0). The proposed procedure shows that PETA can be detected prior to earthquakes at higher confidence levels without the need to separately check for space weather activity. More importantly, the procedure was able to detect PETA for studies where it was previously reported that PETA could not be detected or detected convincingly.     

外界不良环境对CFM56发动机工作影响的分析

外界不良环境会对航空发动机的正常工作造成严重影响。本文简要介绍了国内运营的CFM56发动机面对的不良环境及其所受损伤和影响，并对发动机典型的部件损伤机理进行了分析，并给出了应对措施。     

战场气象环境数字化采集处理系统设计

设计了一种数字化的战场气象环境自动采集处理系统。采用多信息融合技术,将工控机和多种传感器有效结合,迅速、准确的获得温度、湿度、风向、风速等战场气象环境数据,实现了战场气象环境信息的自动采集和处理,为指挥自动化系统提供实时、精确的信息源。该系统已和部队装备的快速反应系统进行了自动连接试验,提高了军队指挥自动化系统的响应速...     

Introduction to Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project

The Meridian Project is a ground- based network program to monitor solar-terrestrial space environment, which consists of a chain of ground-based observatories with multiple instruments including magnetometers, ionosondes, HF and VHF radar, Lidar, IPS monitors, sounding rockets etc. The chain is mainly located in the neighborhood of 120°E meridian, and is thus named the Meridian Project. It has officially been approved by the Chinese government and will be finished by 2009. This talk will give an overview of the Meridian Project and the proposed International Space Weather Meridian Circle Program.     

Coronal Mass Ejections

This workshop summary tries to distill the key difficulties and questions in the art of (I)CME physics and strategies to address them. (I)CMEs are multi-dimensional, multi-parameter, and multi-scale phenomena related to the solar dynamo, corona, and heliosphere. This workshop illustrates the immense progress made in describing and modeling these spectacular energetic solar events, but also shows clear shortcomings in our understanding of them.