无人机测控链路信道传播损耗模型研究

无人机测控链路的稳定可靠是确保无人机充分发挥军事和民用效能的重要保证之一。针对无人机测控链路系统设计中的空间传播损耗精确计算问题,参考ITU-R（国际电信联盟无线电通信组）P.528传播损耗模型,从自由空间损耗、大气吸收损耗和可变损耗三个方面进行了仿真研究,获得了视距条件下三种损耗衰减值与传播频率、通信距离、通信终端高度等参数的一般关系。根据提出的传播损耗精确计算方法,对某无人机典型应用场景下的传播损耗进行了分析计算。与传统损耗模型的计算结果相比,采用的方法可以获得更加精确的计算结果,对无人机测控装备的设计研制具有重要的借鉴意义。     

ZnO/SBA-15无机热控涂层填料及涂层性能

开展高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力热控填料的制备,研制新型低吸收比(α_S)高发射率(ε_H)无机热控涂层。以自制SBA-15和ZnO前驱体为原料通过溶剂热浸渍和高温煅烧法制备ZnO/SBA-15填料,然后与硅酸钾(K_2SiO_3)制备无机热控涂层;采用SAXD、XRD、SEM、太阳反射光谱分析填料和涂层的性能。结果显示采用硝酸锌作为前驱体、m(ZnO)∶m(SBA-15)=3∶7、950℃下烧结3 h可以得到高紫外-可见-近红外反射能力的填料;ZnO/SBA-15/K_2SiO_3无机涂层的α_S为0.09,ε_H为0.91,涂层结合力等级为1级,经过100次-196～100℃热循环实验后,涂层无脱落和开裂现象。SBA-15改性ZnO可以获得具有高紫外反射率和低α_S的热控填料,ZnO/SBA-15填料制备的无机热控涂层同样具备高紫外反射率、低α_S和高ε_H,可以满足航天器高效散热的需求,应用前景良好。     

单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能特性分析

碳纳米管的优异力学特性使其在冲击能量吸收方面存在潜在的应用前景,但纳米尺度的冲击验证实验却难以实现.应用分子结构力学、冲击动力学和纳米尺度有限元相结合的方法,研究了单壁碳纳米管受轴向冲击的吸能特性.使用ANSYS中APDL编程语言,建立了单壁碳纳米管的空间结构参数化模型;同时,采用修正的Morse原子势函数拟合了C-C共价键的本构方程.按照最大失效应变作为共价键断裂的判据,对比了长度、直径和手性对单壁碳纳米管冲击吸能的影响.结果表明:采用这种仿真方法可以动态呈现碳纳米管断裂的全过程,且能够证实单壁碳纳米管的比吸能远高于其他材质类似管状结构,其中,锯齿型碳纳米管的吸能特性又好于扶手椅型.      

民机客舱下部吸能结构分析与试验相关性研究

以民机典型机身段客舱下部结构为研究对象,建立了结构坠撞有限元模型,利用LS-Dyna软件进行了结构能量吸收特性分析。基于吸能结构思想,以降低传递到客舱地板的加速度载荷为设计目标,提出了一种民用飞机客舱地板下部结构吸能设计方法。设计制造了全尺寸的吸能结构试件,并进行了垂直坠撞试验。为评估坠撞分析与试验的相关性,提出了一种基于能量的能量吸收特性评估方法。首先对预试验分析结果与试验结果进行了相关性分析,根据相关性分析结果对分析模型进行了修正。修正后坠撞分析结果与试验结果的相关性表明,乘员质心处的平均加速度响应峰值误差为16.44%,最大平均反弹速度误差为10.53%,修正后模型的总体刚度与实际结构一致,分析获得的结构总体变形模式与试验结果基本一致。但能量吸收时间和加速度峰值出现的时间与试验结果相比误差较大,表明结构连接失效等结构建模细节对计算结果有显著的影响。     

氢氧火箭发动机羽烟紫外辐射参数反演研究

针对氢氧火箭发动机羽烟紫外辐射特性参数分析,提出一种基于紫外CCD(change coupled device)相机采集的单幅辐射图像,同时反演羽烟内紫外辐射源项和吸收系数的方法.该方法将羽烟简化为发射-吸收轴对称介质,通过对辐射图像数据进行Able变换得到三维介质内辐射强度分布,利用最小二乘法将反演问题转化为使计算得到的与Abel变换得到的辐射强度误差最小的最优化问题,然后利用共轭梯度法求解该最优化问题.通过在求解正问题得到的准确值的基础上添加随机噪声,模拟辐射图像数据,分析了测量误差对算法反演精度的影响.结果表明:该算法对测量误差不敏感,能够准确的重建羽烟内的辐射源项和吸收系数分布.      

Full-scale crash test and FEM simulation of a crashworthy helicopter seat

Crashworthy seat structure with considerable energy absorption capacity is a key component for aircraft to improve its crashworthiness and occupant survivability in emergencies.According to Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulations,seat performance must be certified by dynamic crash test which is quite expensive and time-consuming.For this reason,numerical simulation is a more efficient and economical approach to provide the possibility to assess seat performances and predict occupant responses.A numerical simulation of the crashworthy seat structure was presented and the results were also compared with the full-scale crash test data.In the numerical simulation,a full-scale three-dimensional finite element model of the seat/occupant structure was developed using a nonlinear and explicit dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA3D.Emphasis of the numerical simulation was on predicting the dynamic response of seat/occupant system,including the occupant motion which may lead to injuries,the occupant acceleration-time histories,and the energy absorbing behavior of the energy absorbers.The agreement between the simulation and the physical test suggestes that the developed numerical simulation can be a feasible substitute for the dynamic crash test.      

Comparison of Antarctic riometer radio wave absorption and THEMIS mission energetic electron fluxes

Simultaneous observations of in situ plasma properties in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere and of ground based instruments, lying on the same geomagnetic field lines, have recently proved to yield significant new results. In most cases magnetosphere ionosphere interactions during the night-time northern hemisphere conditions are studied. Here, observations of energetic electrons in the tail of the Earth’s magnetosphere made by the THEMIS mission satellites are compared with auroral radio wave absorption determined by riometers in the Antarctic for sunlit conditions. Days for which satellites and riometers are connected by the same geomagnetic field line are selected using a geomagnetic field model. The six days analysed show clear associations between fluxes and absorptions in some cases. However, these do not necessarily correspond to conjugacy intervals. Hours of positive associations are 1.65 times those for negative associations, all hours and days considered (1.42–3.6 on five days and 0.58 on the other day). These computations are assumed appropriate since the footprints of the satellites used approximately follow corrected geomagnetic parallels for all six days studied. The use of a finer parameterization of geomagnetic models to determine conjugacy may be needed.     

单壁碳纳米管低能区光吸收性质

采用半经验方法,通过紧束缚理论建立一维近似模型,研究了单壁碳纳米管的态密度,解释了单壁碳纳米管光吸收谱低能阶段出现的3个吸收峰的形成原因。     

碳纤维/ 氰酸酯复合材料尺寸稳定性能

对碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的吸湿、空间放气、吸湿变形性能进行了研究,并与传统碳纤维/环氧复合材料的性能进行对比。研究表明:氰酸酯基复合材料的吸湿性能优于碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,且其各项空间环境性能均与环氧树脂基复合材料相当。     

L形声学谐振器的吸声特性试验

从试验方法、试验装置、试验数据处理等方面对如何有效测试L型声学谐振器法向和切向的吸声特性(包括吸声系数和声阻抗)展开了详细论述,并得出有一定工程价值的试验结论.