Sun CubE OnE: A multi-wavelength synoptic solar micro satellite

The Sun cubE onE (SEE) is a 12U CubeSat mission proposed for a phase A/B study to the Italian Space Agency that will investigate Gamma and X-ray fluxes and ultraviolet (UV) solar emission to support studies in Sun-Earth interaction and Space Weather from LEO. More in detail, SEE’s primary goals are to measure the flares emission from soft-X to Gamma ray energy range and to monitor the solar activity in the Fraunhofer Mg II doublet at 280 nm, taking advantage of a full disk imager payload. The Gamma and X-ray fluxes will be studied with unprecedented temporal resolution and with a multi-wavelength approach thanks to the combined use of silicon photodiode and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) -based detectors. The flare spectrum will be explored from the keV to the MeV range of energies by the same payload, and with a cadence up to 10 kHz and with single-photon detection capabilities to unveil the sources of the solar flares. The energy range covers the same bands used by GOES satellites, which are the standard bands for flare magnitude definition. At the same time SiPM detectors combined with scintillators allow to cover the non-thermal bremsstrahlung emission in the gamma energy range. Given its UV imaging capabilities, SEE will be a key space asset to support detailed studies on solar activity, especially in relation to ultraviolet radiation which strongly interacts with the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in relation to space safety, included in the field of human space exploration. The main goal for the UV payload is to study the evolution of the solar UV emission in the Mg II band at two different time scales: yearly variations along the solar cycle and transient variations during flare events. The Mg II index is commonly used as a proxy of the solar activity in the Sun-as-a-star paradigm, in which solar irradiance variations in the UV correlate with the variations in stratospheric ozone concentrations and other physical parameters of the Earth high atmosphere. SEE data will be used together with space and ground-based observatories that provide Solar data (e.g. Solar Orbiter, IRIS, GONG, TSST), high energy particle fluxes (e.g. GOES, MAXI, CSES) and geomagnetic data in a multi-instrument/multi-wavelength/multi-messenger approach.     

焊缝射线检测智能化评定系统研制

目前X射线检测存在检测底片难于长时间保存、对操作人员依赖性强等不足,底片检测信息处理智能化水平较低。随着搅拌摩擦焊、激光焊等新方法的应用,制造业数字化车间的建设,对缺陷检测、质量检测信息的有效保存、处理也提出了更高的要求。为解决轨道车辆车体焊接结构内部缺陷检测可视化、自动化的需求,研发高质量的X射线检测底片扫描技术、先进的信息处理技术,开发X射线检测底片的数字化及自动化评定技术,实现底片有效信息的无损数字化,底片缺陷自动搜寻、测量与分类,研发国内首套高速列车射线底片智能化评定系统,提升X射线检测技术的信息化、自动化水平,实现底片自动化评定。相关技术可向航空航天产品进行推广。     

观测轮廓显著性耦合时的轨道根数反演方法

针对脉冲轮廓显著性数据耦合情况下无法直接根据显著性数据反演轨道根数的问题，提出了一种根据脉冲轮廓显著性数据的方差特征进行解耦，并逐步实现轨道六根数估计的方法。利用X射线脉冲星实测数据完成了基于观测轮廓显著性数据方差特征的导航验证，实验结果表明根据显著性数据的方差特征可逐次解耦显著性数据，并以方差最小准则得到轨道根数的估计值，且定位误差为7.31 km。本文方法既不依赖标准脉冲轮廓，同时适用于轨道六根数均存在偏差的实际情况，在X射线脉冲星导航的实际应用中更具优势。     

X射线脉冲星计时导航应用模式与空间试验进展

结合国家导航体系发展与工程应用迫切需求，主要讨论了X射线脉冲星计时导航的应用模式，并介绍了国内外空间试验进展。总结了脉冲星计时地基射电与空间X射线观测的特点和发展现状，阐释了脉冲星时研究与发展的重要意义；总结并归纳了X射线脉冲星导航的应用特点和现有水平，讨论了X射线脉冲星导航的技术优势和典型应用场景；总结了国内外X射线脉冲星计时导航的空间试验进展。根据国内外的空间试验结果，脉冲星时稳定度可达10-14量级，脉冲星导航精度可达到km量级，初步具备在轨应用价值。因此，加快推进国内脉冲星计时导航技术的在轨演示验证与工程应用具有重要意义。     

焊接接头典型缺陷的数字X射线尺寸测量技术

为了准确测量焊接接头典型缺陷的尺寸,提出了一种基于半波高法(HWH)的焊接接头缺陷数字射线尺寸测量技术。首先,分析了数字射线检测系统的调制传递函数(MTF),确定了检测系统的空间分辨率。其次,对焊接接头的典型缺陷进行模拟,通过半波高法测量其尺寸。结果表明:依据瑞利判据,运用双丝像质计测定该检测系统的空间分辨率为4.5 Lp/mm;运用该方法测量焊接接头缺陷尺寸,与实际尺寸基本相符,误差小于6.3%,该方法避免了人为因素的影响,精度可满足日常产品的检测需求。     

Cramér-rao lower bound for pulsar rotation parameters estimation with X-ray pulsar observation data

In this paper, the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for estimating the rotation parameters of pulsars using X-ray pulsar observation data is deduced, and the calculation equation is presented. In order to verify the correctness of the deduced equation, we use the X-ray pulsar observation data to estimate pulsar rotation parameters, and obtain the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated pulsar rotation parameters through conducting repeated experiments. The experimental results suggest that when the observation time increases, the RMSE gradually approaches the estimated CRLB, and that when the observation time is 2.4 × 10⁶ s, the error between the RMSE of pulsar frequency estimation and the CRLB stays at 10^?11 order of magnitude. This verifies that the CRLB expression deduced in this paper is the theoretical lower bound for estimating pulsar rotation parameters. The deduced CRLB in this paper helps determine the minimum variance estimator for pulsar rotation parameter estimation using X-ray pulsar data, providing a benchmark for the comparison between the minimum variance estimator and other estimators.     

Distributed satellite autonomous navigation using X-ray pulsars

Distributed X-ray pulsar-based navigation (DXNAV) is an effective method to realize earth-orbit satellite positioning under weak pulsar signal conditions. In this paper, we propose a new DXNAV method based on multiple information fusion. The DXNAV system principle and the pulse phase estimate Cramér-Rao lower bound are deduced. To suppress the calculation complexity and the error source, the X-ray pulsar photon time-of-arrival detected by each satellite is equivalently converted to the leading satellite directly using the inter-satellite link ranging and starlight angular distance measurement. A high precision estimate model of the pulse phase is built using pulsar standard profile, observed profile, and star-geocentric angular distance from distributed satellites. The estimated pulse phase is real-time supplied to the navigation system, which is established in the form of a deviation equation. The two-stage Kalman filter is designed to estimate the pulse phase in profile histogram bin step and the leader position in real-time step. Compared separately with the maximum likelihood phase estimate method and the celestial navigation method using only the star-geocentric angular distance, the simulation analysis shows that the estimation precisions of position and velocity are improved by 29% and 25%.     

Frequency steering of spaceborne clocks based on XPNAV-1 observations

Due to high stable rotations, timing of pulsars provides a natural tool to correct the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks. Based on processing the observational data about a year of Crab pulsar given by XPNAV-1 satellite, we study the possibility of correcting the frequency deviation of spaceborne atomic clocks using pulsar timing. According to the observational data in X-ray band and the timing model parameters from radio observations, the pre-fit timing residuals with a level of 6...