从非稳态飞行中确定飞机的纵向平衡曲线

介绍了俄罗斯飞行研究院广泛应用的从非稳态飞行中确定飞机纵向平衡曲线的试飞方法。该方法具有对试飞员动作要求宽、每个动作所包含的信息量大、节省起落、缩短试飞周期的优点。同时,还就该方法所存在的不足进行了讨论。     

推力向量控制方案及计算

本文归纳推力向量控制的主要方案,着重介绍摆动喷管、流体二次喷射方案的计算思路和结果.摆动喷管中的流场计算要考虑导弹偏摆对所产生的惯性力的影响;所得壁面压力畸变图说明,它是一个三维流场.在摆动喷管设计中要将铰链力减至最小,流体二次喷射的侧向力通过“等效实体模型”,用爆炸波的解来计算.     

固体推进剂等离子体点火研究

为了研究等离子体对固体推进剂点火性能的影响，分别对双基药和硝胺药等两种固体推进剂，进行了等离子体点火实验。实验装置包括等离子体源、热电偶丝和动态信号分析仪。通过实验，获得了两种固体推进剂在不同的等离子体能量输入的条件下，其表面温度随时间变化的曲线。与常规点火数据相比，固体推进剂的等离子体点火延迟时间明显缩短。不同类型的固体推进剂，在相同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能不同；同一种类型的固体推进剂，在不同的等离子体能量输入条件下，其点火性能也不一样。     

某综合火力/飞行控制系统的设计

介绍了综合火力／飞行控制系统的基本组合，工作原理，对火力控制系统进行了解算，并以某型飞机为例，对其飞行控制系统进行了设计及仿真。     

10 Gbit/s伪随机序列光纤通信系统PMD补偿

光纤通信线路检测到的电功率随差分群延迟变化,可作为PMD补偿的反馈控制信号。给出了这一变化关系的理论计算和曲线并通过实验验证这一关系,确定电压信号与DGD的变化关系。建立了一套完整的实验系统,并考虑了影响反馈电压信号的多种因素以及减小这些影响的措施。通过眼图给出的实验结果说明了补偿的效果,还通过误码测试仪测量了补偿前后的接收灵敏度的改变以定量说明补偿的效果,最后比较了不同情况下的补偿结果。     

INS/SAR组合导航量测信息不同步的滤波算法

在惯性导航系统/合成孔径雷达(Inertial navigation system/synthetic aperture radar,INS/SAR)组合导航系统中,传统的SAR只提供位置和航向角信息,本文引入SAR图像测速系统,实现对INS速度信息的补偿修正。同时,建立了该组合导航滤波的数学模型。针对图像匹配耗时较大、产生信息不同步的现象,本文利用INS信息增量来对SAR导航信息延迟、非等间隔以及SAR量测不在INS滤波离散间隔上所带来的误差进行修正,并进行了仿真。经过1 500s后,本导航系统导航信息没有出现发散,在飞行器出现加速、爬升、转弯等机动时,位置误差绝对值不超过36.8m,高度误差绝对值不超过18.1m,航向角误差绝对值不超过5.3′,速度误差绝对值不超过0.5m/s,并与曲线拟合法作对比,仿真结果表明本文算法能够有效提高INS/SAR组合导航系统的精度,并为其他组合导航系统提供参考。     

涡桨飞机发展现状及关键气动问题

独特的动力形式赋予了涡桨飞机优越的推进效率和良好的低速机动、起降性能，使得其在军用及民用领域占有重要的地位并得以不断发展，但同时也带来了一系列需要重点关注的设计问题。本文从目前国内外涡桨飞机的发展现状和设计特点出发，提出其面临的主要气动问题。重点针对国内亟待发展的舰载类涡桨飞机起降过程中的失速和操纵问题进行深入研究，剖析了翼面附近流动的分离状态和发展趋势对于失速特性及操纵安全性的影响规律，归纳总结出需要关注的关键约束和设计原则。在此基础上，通过对一组计算实例的分析，给出了机翼空间流场变化特征和宏观气动力之间的内在联系，并深入阐述了三维增升构型与干净构型及其各站位翼剖面的设计关联性。     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

Near real-time estimation of tropospheric water vapour content from ground based GNSS data and its potential contribution to weather now-casting in Austria

The importance of high resolution meteorological analysis of the atmosphere increased over the past years. A detailed analysis of the humidity field is an important precondition for a better monitoring of local and regional extreme precipitation events and for forecasts with improved spatial resolution. For this reason, the Austrian Meteorological Agency (ZAMG) is operating the spatial and temporal high resolution INCA system (Integrated Now-casting through Comprehensive Analysis) since begin of 2005. Errors in this analysis occur mainly in the areas of rapidly changing and hard to predict weather conditions or rugged topography with extreme differences in height such as the alpine area of Austria. The aim of this work is to provide GNSS based measurements of the tropospheric water vapour content with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a temporal delay of less than 1 h to assimilate these estimates into the INCA system. Additional requirement is an accuracy of better than 1 mm of the precipitable water (PW) estimates.     

天气因素导致的航班延误问题研究

针对天气干扰下的分季节的航班过站衔接时间优化问题,在对各个航班的潜在延误风险等级评价的基础上,通过历史数据研究天气因素导致的航班延误概率分布,求得各航班波及延误的期望,以优化前后总的波及延误之差最大化为目标函数,分别建立分季节优化松约束模型和紧约束模型,对航班衔接过站时间进行优化.最后以国内某航空公司的航班数据为算例,进行验证并比较.研究结果表明,分季节的松约束模型和紧约束模型均比原计划减少了波及延误的时间,且松约束模型的优化效果更明显.