高高原起飞推力限制参数验证飞行航迹研究

起飞推力限制参数验证试飞(lapse-rate take off,简称LRTO)是飞机高高原动力试飞的核心科目之一。该科目在高高原试飞时,需要在高高原机场的最低安全高度(minimum safety altitude,简称MSA)以下飞行。针对高高原起飞推力限制参数验证试飞的飞行航迹设计进行了研究。介绍了扇区最低安全高度的定义和CCAR91部对低高度飞行的适用条款。阐述了航迹设计的基本要求,包括保护区的定义和要求、航迹精度的构成。详细描述了低于扇区最低安全高度飞行航迹的设计方法,包括试飞区域地形数据的获取、航迹绘制的经验总结、航迹的性能校核、模拟机校核和真机飞行时的逐步逼近。以稻城亚丁机场为例介绍了设计完成的飞行航迹在稻城机场应用的情况,包括航迹在实际应用中的超障余度和应用时的气象要求。     

基于多信息加权融合的降维航迹关联算法

针对分布式3个传感器多目标的航迹相关算法如果直接计算时间和花费都比较高这一问题,提出降维航迹关联算法。该算法先利用2个传感器的目标位置估计点构造航迹相关代价矩阵,求出最优解,再利用这个最优解与第3个传感器的目标位置估计点构建航迹相关代价矩阵,进一步得到三维航迹相关配对。针对单信息系统不稳定这一问题,提出了融合多个特征信息的加权算法。该算法利用熵权法赋予各种不同信息的权重进行加权融合,转化为单信息问题。仿真结果说明本文所给出的新算法不仅减小了目标跟踪误差而且其时间花费较少,因此,新算法是可行的。     

Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite particle filter with soft spatiotemporal constraints for multi-optical theodolites target tracking

Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems (MOTTs) can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement. The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible, yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model, ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern. To compensate for these mismatches, this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter (MGHPF), which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions. Specifically, the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate, fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy. Then, the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation, and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate. Simultaneously, the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood. Besides, an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees. Simulated and measured results show good agreement; compared with the state-of-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter (MMRBPF), the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7% and significantly reduces the computational load.     

基于知识辅助的海面目标航迹起始方法

针对海环境下不同雷达观测测量准确度存在差异而导致观测数据质量存在差异的问题,提出了一种基于知识辅助的海面目标航迹起始方法。该方法首先利用先验知识幅度信息计算幅度似然比,并以幅度似然比的大小来表示观测数据质量的高低;然后,利用幅度似然比辅助Hough空间参数积累,并对航迹初选参数进行初值修正,提高Mean Shift多尺度聚类滤波初值的准确性,减少迭代次数,再通过最优筛选的方法分析得到目标的真实航迹起始数目和航迹起始参数;最后,通过仿真数据证明了本文所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

Model predictive control for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft with adaptive convexification of collision avoidance constraints

This study investigated model predictive control (MPC) for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft. It is essential for a designed MPC to effectively handle collision avoidance between the servicer spacecraft and the client spacecraft, especially while the client is rotating. The rotating motion of the client leads to dynamic changes in the collision avoidance constraints, which increases the difficulty of optimizing the control input in the MPC framework. Therefore, this study presents a method to improve the performance and computational efficiency of MPC for rendezvous and docking with a nonrotating or rotating client. An ellipsoid is adopted to model the client’s keep-out zone (KOZ). Given the spherical KOZ of the servicer, an expanded ellipsoid is introduced to describe the KOZ for the center of mass of the servicer and modeled as a nonlinear constraint. The linearization method for reference points located at the expanded ellipsoid is adopted to convexify the nonlinear constraints. The reference points are adaptively determined according to the positions of the servicer, client, and expanded ellipsoidal KOZ. The resulting hyperplanes are then used to describe the collision avoidance constraints. By utilizing the aforementioned strategies, combined with the calculated reference points, an adaptive convex programming algorithm suitable for real-time implementation of MPC is derived. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.     

电化学加工机器人动态性能设计与优化研究

工业机器人工作空间大、姿态灵活、可配置性高，且成本低，广泛应用于搬运、装配、喷涂和焊接等多个领域。但由于机器人末端轨迹精度不高，低速波动大，在电化学加工领域的应用很少。根据电化学加工低速、高轨迹精度特点，提出采用象限法设定电化学加工机器人工作区域，建立电化学加工机器人动力学优化函数，采用第三代非支配遗传算法NSGA-Ⅲ求解各设计参数最优Pareto解集，通过仿真和实验进行了动态性能测试验证。结果表明在设定工作区域内，电化学加工机器人直线轨迹精度可达0.073 mm，圆弧轨迹精度可达0.145 mm，低速工况下轨迹精度相比传统工业机器人提高近10倍。     

舰艇运动对导弹冷发射出筒的影响

针对舰载导弹垂直冷发射对导弹出筒轨迹和姿态偏差有一定要求的现状,研究舰艇运动对导弹冷发射出筒扰动问题。分析了舰艇运动中可能造成最大扰动的发射时刻。采用对可能最大值点仿真研究的方法,用动力学仿真软件ADAMS针对可能最大扰动时刻进行影响程度的定性研究。结果表明,5级海情对舰载导弹冷发射影响较大;舰艇运动最大过载时刻对导弹轨迹水平和竖直方向位移影响最大;在最大摇摆角时刻发射会导致导弹出现最大姿态偏角。     

基于飞行数据的无人机平飞质量分析方法

利用无人机飞行数据管理记录系统记录的飞行实验数据,对无人机的平飞状态进行了分析。介绍了试验用无人机的结构及性能,概述了无人机飞行数据管理记录系统的功能、构成及记录的主要数据,对无人机平飞质量分析的主要内容及计算分析方法做了详细阐述,并对无人机平飞的高度、速度状态及横侧向误差进行计算分析,分析方法及结果可为无人机的训练、使用提供参考。