特低燃速固体推进剂低压下的燃速测试

用“高低压声发射燃速测试系统”研究测定了特低燃速丁羟推进剂（ｒ＝２ｍｍ／ｓ～４ｍｍ／ｓ）在２ＭＰａ低压下的燃速和２ＭＰａ～１４ＭＰａ范围内的燃速压强指数。结果表明,特低燃速的测试精度可达１％,某ＨＴＰＢ－ＡＰ－Ａｌ－Ｔ２９－ＨＭＸ推进剂的燃速测试临界压强为２ＭＰａ。     

网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备,性能及应用

本文介绍了网络聚氨酯泡沫的多种制备方法、材料的主要特性及应用情况。     

Detection of regolith buried water stream channels on Mars with the help of synthetic aperture radar

A major theme in the study of Mars is the search for evidence that water was present in the past or is present today, either at or below the surface. Biological life is connected to water. Hence much research is focused on the detection of water stream channels, which in the past flowed on Mars. In these areas, the petrified remains of the former life on Mars may be found. These channels may be under the regolith layer; however, the radio wave penetrating ability allows for the detection of these channels under the regolith.     

The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems

To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m² with a combined volume of 200,000 m³ with a total water capacity of some 6 × 10⁶ L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m³ volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m² – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 10⁶ L, soil with 1 to 2 × 10⁶ l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 10⁵ L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 10⁵ L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 10³ L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 10⁴ L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m³ day⁻¹ (240–290 gal d⁻¹). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility.     

浅析某型发动机1Cr18Ni9Ti锁片固溶处理工艺的改进

针对某型发动机中滑油附件锁片在热处理过程中出现局部氧化变色质量问题，通过技术分析和试验，采取减少装炉数量、降低保温时间、木炭保护等方法解决了该问题，并取得了较好的经济效益。     

压力环境下固体推进剂含损伤的统一本构研究

为了建立固体推进剂压力环境下的统一的损伤本构方程,利用改进的万能材料试验机对一种固体推进剂在常温下、不同的压力环境进行了准静态拉伸实验。利用ABAQUS软件的二次开发用户材料子程序UMAT接口,根据实验得到的结果及其应力应变响应特征,确定了本构方程中的系数。计算结果说明本构方程能够很好地描述该推进剂在压力环境下的力学行为。     

固体推进剂燃烧波温度分布测定

采用相对光强度法测定了双基推进剂、复合推进剂及NEPE（氧化剂为HNIW或HMX）推进剂的燃烧火焰温度分布。结果表明,用相对光强度法测得推进剂的最高燃烧火焰温度比热电偶法更接近推进剂的理论燃烧温度,测试压强越高,最高燃烧火焰温度与理论燃烧火焰温度的误差越小。     

基于全模式遗传算法的导弹/固体冲压发动机一体化优化

在综合考虑固体火箭冲压发动机设计、导弹气动特性和外弹道关系的情况下,详细分析了各设计变量,并建立了空空导弹总体／冲压发动机一体化设计优化模型。针对在优化过程中遇到的无显式约束问题,提出了一种高效全模式遗传算法,并分析了其收敛性。计算结果表明,与其它算法相比,全模式遗传算法具有极强的全局寻优及高速收敛能力：一体化优化设计优于工程设计方法,可有效提高导弹总体性能。     

燃气喷射方式对冲压发动机补燃室掺混效果的影响

在空气进气参数不变情况下,分析了喷口布局、喷口形状、头部型面对冷流掺混效果的影响。结果表明,燃气喷射方式不同,掺混在补燃室中的发展过程也不同,提高补燃室内整体掺混度的方法,不一定能提高头部的掺混度;可提高头部掺混度的燃气喷射方式有5孔交汇喷射、5孔偏心喷射以及头部采用椭球型面。     

基于磁悬浮试验架的固体火箭发动机侧向力测量研究

简介了发动机磁悬浮试验架侧向力测量原理及方法.设计基于磁悬浮试验架的侧向力静态标校试验,辨识电磁力计算公式中的电流刚度系数、位移刚度系数,对磁悬浮试验架侧向力测量的静态特性进行了鉴定,得知重复性、线性度和迟滞性均小于或等于5%,综合误差小于或等于8.7%.经过对某固体发动机试验数据的处理表明,使用磁悬浮试验架能够测量发动机稳定工作时间段产生的侧向力.