Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

航空同步发电机的等效磁路模型

分析了航空同步电机的磁路结构特点，建立了电机的等效磁路模型，由等效磁路的拓扑结构导出其磁位非线性方程，再由磁路欧姆定律及铁磁材料的磁化曲线求出其数值解，计算了电机的空载特性和零功率因数负载特性，与实测结果非常接近。     

Variations of the magnetic fields in large solar flares

We present preliminary results from high resolution observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on the SOHO of two large solar flares of 14 July 2000 and 24 November 2000. We show that rapid variations of the line-of-sight magnetic field occured on a time scale of a few minutes during the flare explosions. The reversibility/irreversibility of the magnetic field of both active regions is a very good tool for understanding how the magnetic energy is released in these flares. The observed sharp increase of the magnetic energy density at the time of maximum of the solar flare could involve an unknown component which deposited supplementary energy into the system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中、高密度Nomex蜂窝力学性能研究

研究了航空用三种中、高密度Nomex蜂窝的力学性能 ,并讨论了纸的厚度、浸渍溶液浓度、环境湿度和渗透剂对Nomex蜂窝力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,选择厚度合适的Nomex纸 ,严格控制湿度 ,并在浓度为 35 %～5 0 %范围内浸渍胶液中加入适量的渗透剂可以制作出与国外同类产品性能相当的高性能中、高密度Nomex蜂窝     

磁制动对地壳板块运动影响的理论分析与实证研究

太阳和木星的自转是不均匀的，纬度愈高，自转愈慢。据此，作者推测液态外地核的自转，也存在类似的不均匀性，而这种不均匀自转将对地壳板块运动产生影响。利用磁流体力学理论，阐明这类星球自转的不均匀性，是磁制动的不均匀性引起的。研究了磁制动对地壳板块运动影响的途径及表现方式，并举出实例证明这些表现方式的确存在，从而证明磁制动是影响地壳板块运动的一个极为重要的因素。     

软着陆小行星的制导与控制规律研究

提出了一种微小探测器软着陆小行星的制导与控制策略，将软着陆小行星控制分解为速度方向控制和减速控制，为了控制速度方向，给出了一种带有终端控制项的比例导引规律，可以按闭环模式将探测器引向着陆点，并满足垂直下落的终端条件，为了实现无碰撞着陆，给出了一种减速控制规律，通过对理想速度曲线的跟踪，实现软着陆，仿具结果表明，提出的制导与控制策略可以实现探测器在小行星表面垂直软着陆。     

机械合金化＋热压制备Laves相NbCr2合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化 热压工艺路线来制备化学配比成分的单相Laves相NbCr2合金.研究了Cr,Nb元素粉经20h球磨后在1200℃,1250℃和1300℃不同时间热压所获得的Laves相NbCr2合金的组织和性能.结果表明:1250℃×0.5h热压获得的Laves相NbCr2合金组织均匀,晶粒尺寸达到微/纳米级,致密度达到97.1%,室温断裂韧性高于5.07MPa·m1/2.与熔铸工艺制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的断裂韧性1.50MPa·m1/2相比,所制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的室温断裂韧性大大提高,充分实现了细晶韧化的效果.     

GH909合金长期时效后组织和性能的研究

研究了GH909合金在650℃长期时效后的组织和性能的变化.结果表明,合金在650℃长期时效后,针状ε和ε″相大量析出并粗化,γ'相数量增加,尺寸基本不变;合金的拉伸强度下降,塑性提高,650℃×510MPa缺口持久寿命提高.合金在650℃长期时效2000h后组织和性能比较稳定,具有较好的综合性能.     

关于粘土/高性能环氧纳米复合材料的形态及力学性能的研究

对粘土片层在纳米粘土／高性能环氧树脂体系中的分散状态及力学性能进行了研究。通过加入较少的粘土（含量≤5wt％）得到插层型纳米复合材料。纳米粘土的存在使环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度有所降低。粘土质量含量为2％时，复合材料的冲击强度约上升10％，但超过2％后。冲击强度随之下降。材料的弯曲强度则随着粘土含量的升高而逐步降低。     

Modelling of the electromagnetic field in the interplanetary space and in the Earth's magnetosphere

A magnetohydrodynamic model of the solar wind flow is constructed using a kinematic approach. It is shown that a phenomenological conductivity of the solar wind plasma plays a key role in the forming of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component normal to the ecliptic plane. This component is mostly important for the magnetospheric dynamics which is controlled by the solar wind electric field. A simple analytical solution for the problem of the solar wind flow past the magnetosphere is presented. In this approach the magnetopause and the Earth's bow shock are approximated by the paraboloids of revolution. Superposition of the effects of the bulk solar wind plasma motion and the magnetic field diffusion results in an incomplete screening of the IMF by the magnetopause. It is shown that the normal to the magnetopause component of the solar wind magnetic field and the tangential component of the electric field penetrated into the magnetosphere are determined by the quarter square of the magnetic Reynolds number. In final, a dynamic model of the magnetospheric magnetic field is constructed. This model can describe the magnetosphere in the course of the severe magnetic storm. The conditions under which the magnetospheric magnetic flux structure is unstable and can drive the magnetospheric substorm are discussed. The model calculations are compared with the observational data for September 24–26, 1998 magnetic storm (Dst _min=−205 nT) and substorm occurred at 02:30 UT on January 10, 1997. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.