火焰筒壁面孔流量系数的试验研究

本文对火焰筒壁面孔的流量系数进行了试验研究。试验是在矩形试验件上进行的,模拟了燃烧室流动状态。对平面圆孔,不同翻边半径和翻边高度的翻边圆孔,在不同速度比 Va_1/VⅡ_1和加热比θ下进行流量系数试验研究。冷吹风状态和热态流量系数的最大差别在5～9％之间。将冷态下的流量系数 C_d 表示成流动参数 F_p 的关系。     

一种流量调节器的设计与试验研究

为保证输送系统流量供应的稳定性和准确度,设计了一种新型可调汽蚀文氏管并提供了设计思路,其具有设计简单、线性度好、流量调节范围广等优点。通过理论分析,对该新型可调文氏管的流量计算公式进行了推导,获得流量与行程的关系式。最终选用较小的针锥全角、较大的喉部直径、截断针锥等操作,有效地提高了可调文氏管的线性度。对该可调文氏管进行了水试试验,通过不断调整针锥行程,获取了流量与针锥行程的对应关系。试验结果表明,本文设计的可调文氏管满足10：1的流量调节比要求,同时在超大流量调节比下依旧能够保证较好的线性度,可以作为流量调节器。     

径向旋流器气量分配对点火熄火特性的影响

针对第2级径向旋流器的气量分配对点火熄火特性的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明:对于采用同向旋转强旋流的旋流杯,空气雾化喷嘴在气液比大于3后会形成稳定的液雾,在常温常压起动点火以及熄火工况下,燃烧室中的燃油已基本雾化完全.第1,2级旋流器的气量比从0.8变化至1.2后,旋流杯液滴韦伯数大于40,液滴已进行充分的二次雾化,增加第2级旋流器气量不会进一步改善雾化质量,因此对点火和熄火特性基本无影响.      

一种终端区利用率评估方法研究

终端区利用率量化评估是解决终端区运行瓶颈、挖掘运行潜力的重要前提。现有方法大都面向全空域,指标缺乏通用性。聚焦终端区运行特点,构建了终端区利用率评估指标,基于灰色绝对关联度和主成分分析法,建立了灰色主成分评估模型,并对传统灰色绝对关联度的计算方法进行改进。以20个典型终端区数据为基础,经模糊C均值聚类验证了所提方法有效正确,且可区分性更好,能够满足多个终端区间的横向对比要求;结合广州终端区雷达数据进一步分析,发现方法更加细致地反映了沿时间轴的资源利用情况,满足单个终端区的纵向对比要求,可以为终端区的天气影响评估及流量管理优化策略评估提供论证依据。     

空间飞行器追踪区设计

重点介绍了空间飞行器通过一次变轨机动与目标交会的可行机动方案，在对飞行时间普适公式分析的基础上，建立了一般性的轨道转移预测模型， 给出了一种寻求空间飞行器可行变轨点集的方法，并提出了追踪区的概念。通过仿真计算，分别对各种时间和燃料资源限制条件下的追踪区大小变化进行了分析，结果表明，利用该方法求出的变轨点能够满足空间交会对燃料和时间等各方面的要求，且方法简捷，易于实现。     

失速改出伞阻力特征面积估算方法

研究了高平尾布局飞机的气动特性。使用失速改出伞是飞机改出深失速的重要途径,但如何确定失速改出伞的关键参数(阻力面积等)却没有现成的方法。以ARJ21-700飞机为例,分别使用公式分析法、类比法综合估算出失速改出伞的关键参数,通过模型自由飞和模拟仿真分析验证其具有足够效能将飞机改出深失速状态。形成了一套新机失速改出伞的设计方法和关键数据图表,可供其他型号飞机失速改出伞的设计研制使用。     

X-cor夹层结构低速冲击实验和数值模拟研究

X-cor泡沫夹层结构是一种通过Z-pin技术增强泡沫夹芯的新型高性能夹层结构。在低速冲击下,X-cor夹层结构损伤失效机制复杂,通过在不同能量阶段对X-cor夹层结构失效行为进行分析,讨论Z-pin植入体积分数和泡沫芯材密度对失效行为的影响。低速冲击试样规格为Z-pin直径0.5 mm、植入角度为22°,分别改变泡沫类型和Zpin植入体积分数进行实验,结果表明:6 J冲击能量下,冲击能量主要由面板分层承担,相对于未植入Z-pin试样,随着Z-pin植入体积分数的升高,面板分层面积最多减少了45.1%,而泡沫密度对分层面积影响不大;12 J冲击能量下,部分Z-pin发生失效,通过剩余压缩强度比发现,随着Z-pin植入体积分数的增加,剩余压缩强度比先增大后减小,植入体积分数为0.42%时最高,而此时泡沫密度增加,剩余压缩强度比也随之增加;当能量到达18 J时,芯材开始出现剪切裂纹,同时吸收大部分能量,较弱的芯材剩余压缩强度比大,而Z-pin植入体积分数越大,剩余压缩强度比反而越小。采用数值模拟的方法建立低速冲击模型,并将冲击后的结果直接传递应用于剩余压缩强度模型中,得到的结果比实验值偏高25%~29%。     

Modeling urban heat islands in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time ASTER satellite data in highly urbanizing city,Delhi-India

The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate.     

对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

Urban growth assessment around Winam Gulf of Kenya based on satellite imagery

Urban growth and population dynamics are among the most critical information needed for future economic development planning, natural resources allocation and environmental management. In the present work, two methods, the first based on night-time images produced by NOAA and population maps provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) LandScan, and the second one on SAR imagery, were used in order to assess the expansion of urban areas surrounding the Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) at different scales. In the time covered by night-time lights imagery, the study highlighted a period of constant growth rate between 2002 and 2006 and a negative trend after 2006 and 2008. This decrease may be related to two main events occurring in the study area between 2006 and 2007: the decline of the Lake Victoria level and the abnormal proliferation of the floating weeds within the Winam Gulf. Meanwhile, the urban feature extraction obtained at a different scale within a particular district from 1997 up to 2008 results in a constant growth rate. Population movements around this zone explain different dynamics that should be studied in detail in order to understand their particular roots.