The International DORIS Service (IDS): Toward maturity

DORIS is one of the four space-geodetic techniques participating in the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), particularly to maintain and disseminate the Terrestrial Reference Frame as determined by International Earth rotation and Reference frame Service (IERS). A few years ago, under the umbrella of the International Association of Geodesy, a DORIS International Service (IDS) was created in order to foster international cooperation and to provide new scientific products. This paper addresses the organizational aspects of the IDS and presents some recent DORIS scientific results. It is for the first time that, in preparation of the ITRF2008, seven Analysis Centers (AC’s) contributed to derive long-term time series of DORIS stations positions. These solutions were then combined into a homogeneous time series IDS-2 for which a precision of less than 10 mm was obtained. Orbit comparisons between the various AC’s showed an excellent agreement in the radial component, both for the SPOT satellites (e.g. 0.5–2.1 cm RMS for SPOT-2) and Envisat (0.9–2.1 cm RMS), using different software packages, models, corrections and analysis strategies. There is now a wide international participation within IDS that should lead to future improvements in DORIS analysis strategies and DORIS-derived geodetic products.     

DORIS processing at the European Space Operations Centre

This paper gives an overview of the DORIS related activities at the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre. The DORIS activities were started in 2002 because of the launch of the Envisat satellite where ESOC is responsible for the validation of the Envisat Precise Orbits and a brief overview of the key Envisat activities at ESOC is given. Typical orbit comparison RMS values between the CNES POE (GDR-C) and the ESOC POD solution is 6.5, 18.8 and 23.1 mm in radial-, along- and cross-track direction. In the framework of the generation of the ITRF2008 ESOC participated in the reprocessing of all three space geodetic techniques; DORIS, SLR, and GPS. Here the main results of our DORIS reprocessing, in the framework of the International DORIS Service (IDS), are given. The WRMS of the weekly ESOC solution (esawd03) for the 2004–2009 period compared to the IDS-1 combined solution is of the order of 12 mm. Based on the long time series of homogeneously processed data a closer look is taken at the estimated solar radiation pressure parameters of the different satellites used in this DORIS analysis. The main aim being the stabilization of the Z-component of the geocentre estimates. We conclude that the ESOC participation to the IDS ITRF2008 contribution has been beneficial for both ESOC and the IDS. ESOC has profited significantly from the very open and direct communications and comparisons that took place within the IDS during the reprocessing campaign.     

基于混合编程技术的AOCC应用软件快速仿真平台

介绍基于混合编程技术的AOCC应用软件的快速仿真平台的整体框架设计以及具体实现．基于该方法构建的快速仿真平台，能够满足软件开发人员对基于8086汇编语言开发的AOCC应用软件开、闭环调试和测试的要求，对提高软件的开发效率和保证软件的质量有积极意义．     

Determination of station positions and velocities from laser ranging observations to Ajisai,Starlette and Stella satellites

The positions and velocities of the four Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations: Yarragadee (7090), Greenbelt (7105), Graz (7839) and Herstmonceux (7840) from 5-year (2001–2005) SLR data of low orbiting satellites (LEO): Ajisai, Starlette and Stella were determined. The orbits of these satellites were computed from the data provided by 20 SLR stations. All orbital computations were performed by means of NASA Goddard’s GEODYN-II program. The geocentric coordinates were transformed to the topocentric North–South, East–West and Vertical components in reference to ITRF2005. The influence of the number of normal points per orbital arc and the empirical acceleration coefficients on the quality of station coordinates was studied. To get standard deviation of the coordinates determination lower than 1 cm, the number of the normal points per site had to be greater than 50. The computed positions and velocities were compared to those derived from LAGEOS-1/LAGEOS-2 data. Three parameters were used for this comparison: station coordinates stability, differences from ITRF2005 positions and velocities. The stability of coordinates of LEO satellites is significantly worse (17.8 mm) than those of LAGEOS (7.6 mm), the better results are for Ajisai (15.4 mm) than for Starlette/Stella (20.4 mm). The difference in positions between the computed values and ITRF2005 were little bit worse for Starlette/Stella (6.6 mm) than for LAGEOS (4.6 mm), the results for Ajisai were five times worse (29.7 mm) probably due to center of mass correction of this satellite. The station velocities with some exceptions were on the same level (≈1 mm/year) for all satellites. The results presented in this work show that results from Starlette/Stella are better than those from Ajisai for station coordinates determination. We can applied the data from LEO satellites, especially Starlette and Stella for determination of the SLR station coordinates but with two times lower accuracy than when using LAGEOS data.     

地球同步卫星轨道漂移对天线指向的影响分析

位于地球同步轨道的卫星由于受各种空间因素的影响，其运行轨道会随时间逐渐偏离地球赤道面．轨道倾角由0°逐渐增大。这种轨道倾角漂移会导致对地通信的固定波束天线指向偏离地面站，引起天线指向失配误差，造成通信质量下降甚至丧失。文章分析了轨道漂移对天线指向的影响，并给出了天线指向调整的策略。     

无人机栖落机动建模与轨迹优化

对固定翼无人飞行器栖落机动的纵向运动进行了气动特性建模与轨迹优化设计。通过运动捕捉系统测量获得试验滑翔机实时飞行数据,并结合统计学原理和平板气动理论建立了气动模型和动力学模型。针对所建立的模型采用GPOPS优化工具箱设计了栖落机动标称轨迹。优化结果表明,不同初始速度条件下执行栖落机动的空间需求不同,但最终都可以实现以相同的栖落速度落到同一位置。     

频谱分析法在静止气象卫星调焦分析中应用研究

利用频谱分析方法，对静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的在轨调焦进行快速、准确的分析判断，确定是否需要调整及调整时所发遥控命令的调整方向和步长等，避免了单向调出焦距极限位置时，对辐射计造成永久性损坏。文章首次提出的二维频谱法，即使在图像定位精度不高的情况下仍然适用，可以得出准确的分析结果。     

连续推力机动轨道优化设计的贝塞尔曲线法

提出一种基于贝塞尔曲线的平面机动轨道设计方法。该方法将贝塞尔曲线方程与轨道形状方程相结合，利用得到的复合函数作为轨道方程来对机动轨道进行数学描述；通过约束条件获得可行的机动轨道族，由控制点设计给出具体的优化变量，将累积速度增量作为优化指标函数；并利用优化算法完成参数优化，从而得到最优机动轨道。最后针对设计的机动轨道推力峰值较大的问题，进一步提出了分段贝塞尔曲线法，在降低推力峰值的同时，可进一步降低燃料消耗，并在平面机动转移轨道设计的基础上，通过梯度下降对自由控制点进行修正，解决了考虑时间约束的平面轨道交会问题。     

圆轨道星座全球覆盖的充分必要条件

对采用圆轨道的星座，目前的研究基本上局限于实际应用方面，很少进行理论方面的研究，本文首次提出并证明了达到全球连续多重覆盖的充要条件。这对进行星座设计具有积极的指导意义。     

Crew autonomy for deep space exploration: Lessons from the Antarctic Search for Meteorites

Future piloted missions to explore asteroids, Mars, and other targets beyond the Moon will experience strict limitations on communication between vehicles in space and control centers on Earth. These limitations will require crews to operate with greater autonomy than any past space mission has demonstrated. The Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) project, which regularly sends small teams of researchers to remote parts of the southern continent, resembles a space mission in many ways but does not rely upon a control center. It provides a useful crew autonomy model for planners of future deep space exploration missions. In contrast to current space missions, ANSMET gives the crew the authority to adjust competing work priorities, task assignments, and daily schedules; allows the crew to be the primary monitor of mission progress; demands greater crew accountability for operational errors; requires the crew to make the most of limited communication bandwidth; adopts systems designed for simple operation and failure recovery; and grants the crew a leading role in the selection and stowage of their equipment.