真空紫外辐射对空间有机防护涂层的降解研究

对环氧树脂、醇酸树脂、聚氨酯及有机硅树脂防护涂层在真空紫外线作用下的表面层变化进行了研究。发现在所采用的氘灯真空紫外光源的作用下,环氧树脂、醇酸树脂、聚氨酯质损较大,且表面出现“暗化”现象;有机硅树脂质损相对较小,在连续辐照过程中涂层表面颜色不发生改变,抗紫外老化能力强。光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(FTIR)对试验前后样品进行表征研究,探索真空紫外效应的影响规律,对真空紫外与涂层的反应机理也做了相应的分析:结构不同的有机涂层对真空紫外(VUV)的敏感程度不同,含环氧环、C-N和支链的有机涂层,最易受到VUV破坏而裂解;Si-O、苯环、C=O,在VUV辐照环境下相对稳定。     

中型空间环境模拟器真空系统的设计与模拟

探讨了用于舱外航天服性能实验的中型空间环境模拟器真空系统的设计和模拟。通过对低温泵的真空度及其抽速与液氦低温板温度的关系进行模拟,验证了真空系统设计的合理性。对中型环境模拟系统预冷采用开放式液氮以简化系统结构;对系统的主要部件液氦低温板和辐射挡板进行了构造分析和热负荷计算;分析了液氦低温板的凝结层对低温泵性能的影响。通过对液氦低温板温度场进行模拟及分析,对液氦低温冷凝面进行了优化设计与性能验证。通过对航天员氧消耗量的分析合理估算了航天员自身代谢产热,据此确定了中型空间环境模拟系统热负荷及液氦供应量。     

正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定

介绍了正压漏孔校准装置的不确定度评定。该装置是一种校准气体漏率的计量标准 ,可采用定容法和定量气体动态比较法对正压漏孔进行校准 ,校准范围为 (1 0 2 ～ 5× 1 0 -5 )Pa·L/s。     

卫星复合材料构件在真空冷热循环中的永久变形及其预示

本文介绍了碳布铝蜂窝制成的天线反射器、小模型及其材料的真空冷热循环试验和永久变形的预示方法。在30次从-144～117℃的冷热交变循环过程中,测量了温度分布与相应的变形,给出了试验数据与图表。根据实测的永久变形与温度循环次数的关系,提出了一个幂函数的数学模型。利用该模型,根据少量试验数据可预示长期冷热循环下的永久变形或工作寿命。     

真空低温环境红外亮温标准装置设计

对遥感技术现状及面临的问题进行了介绍，明确了建立真空低温环境红外亮温计量标准装置的意义，对国内外研究现状进行了梳理，对研究的标准装置的技术路线和设计方案进行了详细叙述。     

碳纤维复合材料与金属的钎焊试验研究

重点针对碳纤维复合材料与2种金属(钛合金、铌合金)采用含Ti钎料进行了真空钎焊试验,分析了钛合金、铌合金对含Ti钎料真空钎焊碳纤维复合材料与金属接头性能和质量的影响,并观察了碳纤维复合材料和钛合金、铌合金的连接界面的微观组织.研究结果对于碳纤维复合材料与金属的连接、结构优化设计及在重要航天器中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

微阴极电弧推力器工作性能影响因素研究

采用试验方法研究了微阴极电弧推力器中峰值放电电流及外加磁场对其推力、比冲、寿命的影响规律。试验结果表明:峰值放电电流增加,阴极烧蚀量增加,元冲量增大;相比于较低的峰值放电电流(10A),更高的峰值放电电流(40A)可延长推力器的工作寿命;外加磁场增强,推力器喷射等离子体轴向速度增大,比冲增加。     

Electrostatic particle collection in vacuum

Lunar grains accumulate charges due to solar-based ionizing radiations, and the repelling action of like-charged particles causes the levitation of lunar dust. The lunar dust deposit on sensitive and costly surfaces of investigative equipment is a serious concern in lunar explorations. Inspired by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), the Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector (ELDC) was proposed for collecting already charged lunar dust particles to prevent the lunar dust threat. As the conditions for terrestrial counterparts are not valid in the lunar environment, equations developed for terrestrial devices yield incorrect predictions in lunar application. Hence, a mathematical model was developed for the ELDC operating in vacuum to determine its collection efficiency. The ratios of electrical energy over potential energy, kinetic energy over potential energy and the ratio of ELDC dimensions were identified to be the key dimensionless parameters. Sensitivity analyses of the relevant parameters showed that depending on ELDC orientation, smaller particles would be collected more easily at vertical orientation, whereas larger particles were easier to collect in a horizontal ELDC configuration. In the worst case scenario, the electrostatic field needed to be 10 times stronger in the vertical mode in order to adequately collect larger particles. The collection efficiency was very sensitive to surface potential of lunar dust and it reached the maximum when surface potential was between 30 and 120 V.     

Materials selection for applications in space environment considering outgassing phenomenon

Application of the existing materials selection methods is not much popular in space environment. This is in spite of involvement of the selection process in this field with a wide range of influential factors (e.g. conventional mechanical properties and over 21 space environmental effects). In this paper an introductory road map for employing systematic materials selection methods in the field by engaging the selection process with mechanical properties and only one of the space environmental factors is presented. Here, selected case studies, which are involved with outgassing phenomenon of materials in vacuum condition, highlight the incapability of some of the methods in dealing with such example problems. The study specifically indicates the effectiveness of the most recently introduced method, i.e. Z-transformation, over other existing methods. The results show that considering the mechanical properties of materials in conjunction with the space environmental effects produce much more reliable ranking of the candidate materials. Besides, the results recommend introducing more space environmental aspects in the selection process may produce a better outcome.     

Investigations on damage resistance of carbon fiber composite panels toughened using veils

This research focused on how to improve damage resistance of carbon fiber laminates. It was carried out at Cranfield University Composites Centre, Milton Keynes, UK as an MSc by research thesis project. A series of low-cost composite laminates, with or without novel veils provided by Tenax, was manufactured using current aircraft carbon fiber preforms via vacuum infusion (VI) molding in this research. All the investigations on damage resistance of these panels were carried out according to the British Standard (BS ISO 18353:2009). Initial damage was induced using a falling weight apparatus mounting a 16 mm hemispherical tip. C-scan and Micrograph were employed to reveal damage characteristics. Finally, both compression after impact (CAI) and plain compression strength were experimented. The behaviors of these panels, including damage size, damage construction, residual compression strength, and compression strength reduction, were utilized to investigate how and to what extent the veils affected the damage resistance. The results show that using veils is an efficient method of improving the damage resistance of the laminates studied. Maximum 32% increase in residual compression strength is achieved via veils accompanying with 7% increase in cost.