月球南极着陆区关键特性分析

与月球中低纬度着陆区不同,月球南极地区地形地貌条件较为恶劣,太阳高度角低,对地可见与不可见周期较长,这些关键特性都对南极着陆探测任务提出了挑战。文章结合国内外已开展的研究工作,对南极地区的光照条件、对地可见、地形地貌等方面进行了分析和总结,得到了上述关键特性的规律。南极地区不存在永久光照区,但存在一些几百米尺度的4~9个月的准连续光照区,着陆器的光照条件与着陆器高度密切关联;南极地区光照条件和对地可见受地形影响较大;在50m基线情况下,备选着陆区域平均坡度比较平缓(0°~5°);着陆器尺度5m基线情况下,不同备选着陆区域平均坡度相差较大,最大平均坡度可以达到25°。根据上述分析,对我国开展月球南极探测的任务规划和探测器系统设计提出了建议,主要包括着陆区的选择及探测器主要功能组成等。     

航天器仪表与照明分系统设计和发展

航天器仪表与照明分系统承担着飞行器与航天员信息交互的任务,为航天员在轨工作、生活提供支持。分系统功能包括信息显示提示、越限报警提示、手动操作、工作生活照明、休闲娱乐等。文章给出了航天器仪表与照明分系统设计思路及分系统设计组成;分析了分系统技术应用情况;对应航天器设计和应用结果,提出了后续航天器的技术发展思路和设想。     

Asymmetric precipitation in a coronal loop as explanation of a singular observed spectrum

Almost 10 years of solar submillimeter observations have shown new aspects of solar activity, such as the presence of rapid solar spikes associated with the launch of coronal mass ejections and an increasing submillimeter spectral component in flares. We analyse the singular microwave–submillimeter spectrum of an M class solar flare on 20 December, 2002. Flux density observations measured by Sun patrol telescopes and the Solar Submillimeter Telescope are used to build the radio spectrum, which is fitted using Ramaty’s code. At submillimeter frequencies the spectrum shows a component different from the microwave classical burst. The fitting is achieved proposing two homogeneous sources of emission. This theoretical fitting is in agreement with differential precipitation through a magnetically asymmetric loop or set of loops. From a coronal magnetic field model we infer an asymmetric magnetic structure at the flare location. The model proposed to quantify the differential precipitation rates due to the asymmetry results in a total precipitation ratio Q₂/Q₁≈10⁴–10⁵, where Q₁(Q₂) represents the total precipitation in the loop foot with the high (low) magnetic field intensity. This ratio agrees with the electron total number ratio of the two sources proposed to fit the radio spectrum.     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

基于CCD摄像法进行液位测量的研究

建立了用于液位测量的CCD摄像测量系统。在散射照明的条件下,液位图像成像到高分辨力的电荷耦合器件上,然后通过对传感器信号进行分析和处理,可以精确地计算出液位的高低。利用CCD摄像法实现液位精确测量,处理电路采用C8051F060单片机为核心器件对传感器输出信号进行处理,通过单片机串口将采集的数据传输给计算机。系统具有非接触、实时性、高准确度以及自动化的特点。     

日凌的计算及其对神六任务的影响分析

从信道链路上分析了日凌对卫星通信的影响,给出了日凌计算的几何模型与计算方法,并用该方法计算了神舟六号发射前后的日凌情况,分析了日凌对神舟六号发射的影响。该计算方法比较准确,并在实际观测中得到了验证。     

基于混杂非对称复合材料的自适应对日定向器

提出并设计了一种基于混杂非对称复合材料层合板的新型自适应对日定向器。该对日定向器采用混杂非对称复合材料层合板作为驱动元件,利用在轨光照条件的变化引起复合材料层合板温度变化,进而使其产生热变形并驱动太阳翼发生偏转。提出的自适应对日定向器结合传统的单自由度对日定向机构,能够实现太阳能帆板的双自由度对日定向。介绍了自适应对日定向器的基本原理,并结合地球静止轨道的光照条件进行了具体设计。利用能量变分原理建立了混杂非对称复合材料的热变形模型,分析其热变形特点,并利用有限元方法对定向器在地球静止轨道上的温度场特性、热变形及对日定向转动角度进行分析。有限元分析结果表明,通过合理设计,自适应对日定向器的转角能够随太阳光入射角变化呈线性变化,定向精度可达±1°。     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

Spartan 201 white light coronagraph experiment

A white light coronagraph was launched into orbit aboard the space shuttle OV 103 (Discovery) on 7 April 1993. This device was one of two instruments included in the SPARTAN 201-1 payload, a completely autonomous sub-satellite deployed from the shuttle for a period of about 47 hours. The WLC system is an externally occulted coronagraph system which incorporates a rotating half-wave plate polarimeter, and the image data is used to infer the brightness, the polarized brightness and the degree of polarization of the white light emission from the solar corona. These data are in turn used to infer estimates of the K- and F-coronal brightnesses and density distributions. We shall present preliminary results of the electron density estimate in the coronal streamer and hole region and describe the methods employed.affiliated to USRA