基于小波变换和核独立分量分析的遥感图像变化检测

为了进一步提高基于独立分量分析(IndependentComponentAnalysis,ICA)的遥感图像变化检测精确度,并解决ICA分离的图像分量排序不确定问题,提出了基于小波变换和核独立分量分析(KernelIndependentComponentAnalysis,KICA)的遥感图像变化检测方法。首先通过小波变换对遥感图像进行分解,得到由图像的高频分量和低频分量组成的分块向量,然后利用核函数将分块向量映射到高维特征空间中,再在该空间中用ICA方法分离出互相独立的向量,最后根据分离出的向量中高频分量的差异自动分辨出变化分量。文章给出了遥感图像变化检测方法及近年提出的基于主分量分析(PrincipalComponentAnalysis,PCA)、基于ICA、基于KICA三种变化检测方法的试验结果,并进行了分析和定量比较。试验结果表明,文中方法能更好地分离出遥感图像的变化信息,具有更高的精确度,并实现了变化检测的智能化。     

北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试方法探讨

基于虚拟仪器技术、网络技术和批量化测量技术,探讨北斗/GNSS高精度时频应用终端的测试手段;提出应用测试模块化和VXI/PXI/LXI总线技术的测试设计方案,该方案具有多路标准时间频率参考信号一致性设计和网络远程测试校准设计;同时,提出北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试校准系统的结构设计及其应用模式。这将能有效提高北斗/GNSS时频终端测试的集成化和智能化水平。     

控制点/控制点对最优能量解析的图像配准

 针对遥感图像配准中匹配同名点少、配准精度低等问题,提出了一种基于控制点/控制点对最优能量解析的图像配准方法。在控制点提取中,通过多尺度曲波变换,实现不同尺度下图像质量的灰关联分析和噪声抑制,并根据灰关联能量值,自动调整尺度不变特征变换配准参数,提高匹配同名点数量;为保证控制点选择的均匀性和准确性,创建了控制点对能量模型,采用马尔科夫蒙特卡洛优化算法实现分布、匹配能量最优的控制点筛选,提高了图像配准精度。实验结果表明,本方法对遥感图像匹配同名点少、控制点分布不均匀、图像配准精度低等问题有很大改善,具有较高的应用价值。     

遥感卫星在轨微振动测量数据分析

介绍某遥感卫星的在轨微振动测量方案,并从背景噪声、扰动源特征、星体结构传递特征三个方面对测量数据进行分析。由测试数据发现,控制力矩陀螺（CMG）和动量轮引起的局部扰动较大,而传递至有效载荷处的扰动主要由CMG和双轴天线引起。星体结构对微振动有良好的衰减作用,有效载荷安装面的响应相对于振源得到了大幅衰减。     

基于Contourlet域Krawtchouk矩和改进粒子群的遥感图像匹配

为了进一步提高遥感图像匹配的精度和运算效率,提出了一种利用Contourlet变 换、Krawtchouk矩和改进粒子群的遥感图像匹配算法。在分别对参考图像和目标图像进行Co ntourlet分解的基础上,引入Krawtchouk矩来提取图像的局部特征,并利用改进的带极值扰 动的简化粒子群优化算法对低分辨率的遥感图像进行匹配操作,然后逐级上推,
最终实现全分辨率情况下遥感图像的匹配。实验结果表明,该算法与目前常用的遥感图像匹 配算法相比,不仅具有更高的匹配精度和运算效率,还有较强的鲁棒性。
     

SNMP协议在测控网远程监控中的应用研究

简要介绍了SNMP（简单网络管理协议）管理模型,基于测控设备C/S（客户/服务器）监控模式现状,分析了测控设备监控信息传输的特点,对现有监控信息传输协议与SNMP协议进行了研究,从传输可靠性、传输效率与协议操作应用等方面进行了比较,并开展了基于SNMP协议的远程监控信息传输试验。试验结果表明,基于SNMP协议可实现测控设备参数与状态监视信息的传输。     

Improved rainfall estimation over the Indian region using satellite infrared technique

The GOES Precipitation Index (GPI) technique (Arkin, 1979) for rainfall estimation has been in operation for the last three decades. However, its applications are limited to the larger temporal and spatial scales. The present study focuses on the augmentation on GPI technique by incorporating a moisture factor for the environmental correction developed by Vicente et al. (1998). It consists of two steps; in the first step the GPI technique is applied to the Kalpana-IR data for rainfall estimation over the Indian land and oceanic region and in the second step an environmental moisture correction factor is applied to the GPI-based rainfall to estimate the final rainfall. Detailed validation with rain gauges and comparison with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) merged data product (3B42) are performed and it is found that the present technique is able to estimate the rainfall with better accuracy than the GPI technique over higher temporal and spatial domains for many operational applications in and around the Indian regions using Indian geostationary satellite data. Further comparison with the Doppler Weather Radar shows that the present technique is able to retrieve the rainfall with reasonably good accuracy.     

Changes in hyperspectral reflectance signatures of lettuce leaves in response to macronutrient deficiencies

The adaptation of specific remote sensing and hyperspectral analysis techniques for the determination of incipient nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precision supplementation for remediation, important considerations for minimizing mass of advanced life support systems on space station and long term missions. This experiment was conducted to determine if hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect nutrient stress in Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black Seeded Simpson. Lettuce seedlings were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse or growth chamber in vermiculite containing modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution with key macronutrient elements removed in order to induce a range of nutrient stresses, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were compared with corresponding spectral reflectances taken at the end of 90 days. Spectral reflectances varied with growing location, position on the leaf, and nutrient deficiency treatment. Spectral responses of lettuce leaves under macronutrient deficiency conditions showed an increase in reflectance in the red, near red, and infrared wavelength ranges. The data obtained suggest that spectral reflectance shows the potential as a diagnostic tool in predicting nutrient deficiencies in general. Overlapping of spectral signatures makes the use of wavelengths of narrow bandwidths or individual bands for the discrimination of specific nutrient stresses difficult without further data processing.     

The possibilities of polar meteorology,environmental remote sensing,communications and space weather applications from Artificial Lagrange Orbit

The ability to observe meteorological events in the polar regions of the Earth from satellite celebrated an anniversary, with the launch of TIROS-I in a pseudo-polar orbit on 1 April 1960. Yet, after 50 years, polar orbiting satellites are still the best view of the polar regions of the Earth. The luxuries of geostationary satellite orbit including rapid scan operations, feature tracking, and atmospheric motion vectors (or cloud drift winds), are enjoyed only by the middle and tropical latitudes or perhaps only cover the deep polar regions in the case of satellite derived winds from polar orbit. The prospect of a solar sailing satellite system in an Artificial Lagrange Orbit (ALO, also known as “pole sitters”) offers the opportunity for polar environmental remote sensing, communications, forecasting and space weather monitoring. While there are other orbital possibilities to achieve this goal, an ALO satellite system offers one of the best analogs to the geostationary satellite system for routine polar latitude observations.     

卫星遥感影像外方位元素的误差传播研究

高分辨率卫星遥感影像的几何定位精度与影像外方位元素精度密切相关.文章针对单景影像直接对地定位和立体影像前方交会定位两种典型情况,对影像各外方位元素在目标几何定位中的误差传播规律进行分析比较,相关结论可供卫星姿控及相机载荷设计方参考.