考虑摩擦的空间抓捕过程碰撞动力学分析与控制

目前针对空间抓捕中的碰撞进行建模的方法中很少考虑摩擦因素。然而,摩擦作为碰撞过程中不可避免的现象,对碰撞动力学响应及整个空间抓捕任务有着不容忽视的影响。文章结合库伦摩擦理论和拉格朗日乘子法,建立了同时兼顾滑动和粘滞状态的摩擦模型,然后将求解到的摩擦力与碰撞力进行矢量合成,作为对碰撞模型的修正。另外,针对碰撞过程对机器人姿态产生的干扰,利用反 馈线性化设计了解耦控制器对基座姿态漂移进行稳定控制。数值仿真采用一个平面2灢DOF空间机器人,利用动量和动量矩守恒定理验证了动力学模型的正确性,同时基座姿态控制结果收敛说明了控制器的有效性。     

钛/铝异质金属搅拌摩擦焊技术研究进展

钛合金和铝合金均具有质轻、比强度高和抗腐蚀性能好等优点,已广泛应用于航空航天、军事工业和公共交通等领域,钛/铝异种金属复合结构的连接逐渐成为研究热点。然而,由于物理和化学性能差异明显,钛/铝焊接难度大,存在成形困难、接头性能较差等问题。搅拌摩擦焊作为一种固相焊接方法,对克服异种材料性能差异带来的焊接困难具有极大的优势。本文综述了钛/铝异质金属搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状,主要涉及焊缝成形、焊接参数、力学特征、冶金结合和连接机制等,以及衍生的搅拌摩擦焊新技术,为钛/铝异质金属结构的轻量化设计提供新思路,并对其未来发展进行了展望。     

非牛顿大滑滚比工况的斜齿轮热摩擦特性分析

考虑啮合过程中接触线长度及齿面载荷的时变性,结合沿接触线方向综合曲率半径及卷吸速度的瞬态特点,建立满足航空传动润滑剂非牛顿流体及大滑滚比工况的有限长线接触斜齿轮热弹流润滑(TEHL)模型。采用多重网格法及逐列扫描法,获得适用于宽泛工况范围的斜齿轮热弹流润滑完全数值解;分析非牛顿及大滑滚比情形下的斜齿轮传动热摩擦特性。结果表明:斜齿轮端部存在明显压力及温度尖峰,且离入口愈近膜厚会略减小;非牛顿特性对温度场影响显著,且接触线过节点时温度分布呈“V”型分布;摩擦因数沿啮合线方向在节点处接近于0且向两侧逐渐增大,同时随滑滚比的增大而增大。      

串联式TBCC发动机风车冲压模态性能模拟

建立了基于部件低转速特性匹配的串联式涡轮基组合循环（TBCC）发动机风车冲压模态性能计算模型,提出了压气机低转速大流量特性扩展方法,由换算扭矩代替等熵效率表示旋转部件特性,解决了低转速部件效率不连续相关问题。分析了冲压外涵面积变化和涡轮功率提取对风车冲压模态性能及部件匹配的影响规律,并基于推力、流量连续准则设计了涡轮模态至冲压模态转换过程（含风车冲压模态）的参数调节规律。计算结果表明:在风车冲压模态下,冲压外涵面积变化对风扇工作状态有显著影响,对压气机影响较小;涡轮可提取功率随着风车转速的减小先增加后降低,比冲随提取功率的增加基本呈线性降低趋势,功率提取位置（高、低压涡轮）对部件匹配有显著影响。      

Modeling and experiment of grinding wheel axial profiles based on gear hobs

Hobbing is one of the crucial gear manufacturing processes with high precision and high efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of hobbing and hob relief grinding, more precise grinding wheels are demanded for relief grinding in the production of gear hobs. In this paper, a new and accurate mathematical method for calculating the axial profile of grinding wheel based on the corresponding gear hob to be ground is proposed. Considering that most researches have been conducted to focus on the optimization of hob geometric feature and only can be applied to a specific type of hand of helix and rake angle of gear hobs. The method in this paper can be served as a general algorithm for generating axial profile of grinding wheels on the basis of the spatial envelope theory, the principle of coordinate system transformation, and studies on normal profile of single-tooth. The accuracy of grinding hobs is based on applying the approach in practical manufacturing. Taking two typical different kinds of pre-grinding gear hobs as examples for calculation and experiment, the results of tooth profile errors strengthen the position that the validity and feasibility of this method, it can be employed for gear hob design and grinding processing.     

压气机转子叶片叶尖流场的低速模化设计

针对带进口导叶的高速压气机第1级转子叶片的叶尖流场进行了低速模化设计,为后续的低速压气机叶尖流场损失和失速测试试验做了准备.利用叶片造型和数值模拟方法,以保证高、低速压气机转子叶片表面压力系数及叶片排进、出口主要气动参数分布相似为目标,对高速原型压气机进行低速模化设计,包括调整流道形状,对叶型进行反复迭代,并在进口导叶和1级转子叶片的造型设计上突破了几何相似的限制.最后,对高低速压气机的几何、气动参数和流场结构进行了全面的计算对比分析,证明采用所提出的低速模化设计方法是成功的,实现了在流量系数相同的情况下,加工量因子和转子扩压因子分别为98.16%,94.95%的相似度.      

Reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering wear degradation

This paper focuses on the issue of reliability and global sensitivity analysis for an airplane slat mechanism considering the uncertainties in the wear process of mechanical components. First, the multi-body kinematic model of the slat mechanism is built in the ADAMS software. The geometrical sizes of the roller wheels after wear degradation are considered as input variables and the angle the slat should turn is considered as the output response. To accurately identify the influential roller wheels to the reliability and robustness of the slat mechanism, the failure probability based sensitivity and variance-based sensitivity indices are introduced. Comprehensive analysis of the results have shown that the reliability analysis and global sensitivity theory can help engineers find significant parts by their contributions, thus provide guidance for mechanical design and maintenance.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

高马赫数层流摩阻数值计算精度

飞行器在高空高速飞行时黏性效应显著,摩阻预示精度对飞行器的关键气动性能意义重大。目前,摩阻预示主要依赖数值计算,但高马赫数层流摩擦阻力计算与试验测量结果仍存在差距。以具有高速飞行器典型部件特征的球锥、三角翼为对象,结合风洞试验摩阻测量结果,使用国家数值风洞（NNW）数值计算软件和自研CFD程序研究了数值计算中影响摩阻计算精度的格式数值耗散及壁面温度边界条件等重要因素。研究结果表明：数值耗散越小,表面摩阻的计算精度越高;在速度较低的边界层近壁区内关闭熵修正,将有助于提高表面摩阻的预示精度。此外,在高马赫数流动问题的数值模拟中,壁面温度条件对表面摩阻计算同样具有重要影响。最后,基于分析结果和工程需要提出了对高精度摩阻数值预示的研究需求。     

摩擦体系结构分析和定量建模的熵探索

提出摩擦系统演化的3种基本形式。在非平衡态热力学熵平衡方程的框架下构造摩擦系统的数学模型．用熵产生表征摩擦磨损过程的各种现象。讨论了各因素的物理量纲及其统一到熵的途径。研究表明．用非平衡态热力学研究摩擦磨损有助于摩擦学的系统分析．熵产生可以定量表示摩擦磨损过程的所有因素——材料破坏、摩擦发热、摩擦化学反应以及摩擦相变等摩擦过程的物理化学变化。