高负荷离心压气机扩压器叶片前缘结构分析

为拓宽离心压气机稳定工作范围,以某高负荷离心压气机为研究对象,对径向扩压器叶片前缘进行盘侧开槽处理,借助数值模拟手段,探讨了开槽处理对离心压气机性能和稳定工作范围的影响,并对开槽结构进行了参数化研究,确定了主要开槽参数对离心压气机的影响.数值计算表明,径向扩压器前缘盘侧开槽能够在一定程度上提高离心压气机的稳定工作裕度,但同时伴随着压气机性能的降低.详细对比分析了开槽结构引人前后离心压气机内部流场结构,揭示了径向扩压器叶片前缘开槽提高离心压气机稳定工作裕度机理.     

运载火箭推力故障下基于智能决策的在线轨迹重规划方法

为了提高运载火箭上升段飞行中推力故障下轨迹重规划的计算效率,提出了一种基于智能决策的在线轨迹重规划方法,将原问题转化为最优救援轨道的在线智能决策和成熟的燃料最优轨迹规划问题进行求解。通过离线求解不同故障状态对应的轨迹重规划问题,建立"故障状态-救援轨道"样本集,基于径向基神经网络建立最优救援轨道的决策模型,并将决策模型装订箭上。在实际飞行中以当前故障状态作为输入,利用决策模型可在线快速决策出最优救援轨道根数,进而求解以救援轨道为目标轨道的燃料最优轨迹规划问题,从而完成推力故障下的在线轨迹重规划。数值仿真表明,与直接求解轨迹重规划问题相比,该方法的计算效率提高了两个数量级以上,同时给出一致的最优救援轨迹。     

Forecasting the geomagnetic activity of the Dst index using multiscale radial basis function networks

The Dst index is a key parameter which characterises the disturbance of the geomagnetic field in magnetic storms. Modelling of the Dst index is thus very important for the analysis of the geomagnetic field. A data-based modelling approach, aimed at obtaining efficient models from limited input–output observational data, provides a powerful tool for analysing and forecasting geomagnetic activities including the prediction of the Dst index. In this study, the process of the Dst index is treated to be a structure-unknown system, where the solar wind parameter (VBs) and the solar wind dynamic pressure (P) are the system inputs, and the Dst index is the system output. A novel multiscale RBF (MSRBF) network is introduced to represent such a two-input and single-output system, where the Dst index is related to the solar wind parameter and the dynamic pressure, via a hybrid network model consisting of two submodels: a linear part that reflects the linear relationship between the output and the inputs, and a nonlinear part that captures the effect of the interacting contribution of past observations of the inputs and the output, on the current output. The proposed MSRBF network can easily be converted into a linear-in-the-parameters form and the training of the linear network model can easily be implemented using a forward orthogonal regression (FOR) algorithm. One advantage of the new MSRBF network, compared with traditional single scale RBF networks, is that the new network is more flexible for describing complex nonlinear dynamical systems.     

飞机水面降落的机身载荷研究

文中研究了飞机水面降落的冲击载荷。利用动网格技术控制飞机以及整个计算区域的运动,VOF方法描述气一液界面的运动变化。分析了不同降落速度、飞行速度和降落仰角下,飞机水面降落时机身压强随时间的变化规律。在三种降落条件下,机身压强值的变化规律基本一致。机身压强在入水的初始阶段达到最大值,随后迅速下降,最后保持稳定。同时,随着降落速度、匕行速度和降落仰角的增大,机身压强的最大值也随之增大。与降落速度和降落仰角相比,飞行速度对机身压强的影响程度较小。     

大气边界层风速竖向相干函数实验研究

采用尖劈、格栅和粗糙元组合的被动湍流发生装置在TJ-2风洞中模拟了大气边界层流场,测量了模拟流场的平均风速剖面,湍流度剖面,湍流积分尺度和脉动风速功率谱等风场特性参数,重点分析了风速的竖向空间相干曲线.针对风速竖向空间相干曲线存在低频"掉头"的现象,给出了修正的指数衰减函数来进行拟合,完善了用传统的简化指数衰减函数来进行拟合时在低频处的不足,结果表明:笔者给出的风速竖向空间相干函数拟合效果更好.     

Effect of rotor-mounted protrusion on sealing performance and flow structure in rotor-stator cavity

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of protrusion radial position and height on the sealing performance and flow structure in the rotor-stator cavity. The rotor-mounted protrusions are assembled at three radial positions and are set to three heights. The cavity is equipped with three rim seals: a radial seal, an axial seal and a seal with double fins on the stator. The annulus Reynolds number is set at $4.39\times {10}^5$ and the rotational Reynolds number ranges from $7.51\times {10}^5$ to $1.20\times {10}^6$. Heat and mass transfer analogy is applied. Pressure and ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_2$ concentration are measured. The experimental results show that in cavities with different rim seals, radial distributions of the sealing efficiency, pressure and swirl ratio are basically the same. The sealing performance is improved by protrusions compared with the cavity without protrusion and improves with the increase of protrusion radial position and height. The effect of protrusion increases with the increase of the rotational Reynolds number. The windage loss and the flow resistance introduced by protrusions are investigated. It is found that induced windage loss and flow resistance decrease with the increase of protrusion radial position but increase with the protrusion height.     

应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO2径流式透平性能探究

为研究应用于燃气轮机余热回收系统的超临界CO₂（SCO₂）径流式透平整机性能,基于RANS（雷诺时均）模型,对透平整机系统内部流场进行数值模拟,获得了SCO₂径流式透平整机在起动、升速、自持及额定工况下的运行情况,并针对出口压力变化分析了透平非设计工况下的性能。模拟结果表明：透平起动工况下会发生运行失稳,产生“倒吸”现象且通道内出现大面积的低速区域,但随转速增加流动趋于稳定;叶顶间隙的泄漏流会对透平的性能产生不利影响,额定工况下0.5 mm的间隙使透平减少近47 kW的功率输出,等熵效率降低6%左右;轮背密封可以起到良好密封作用,密封引入气还提高了透平整机的功率和效率;在偏离设计点工况运行时,透平可以有效应对出口压力的变化;通过对比简化通道和全周通道的仿真数据,透平轴功率和等熵效率的误差均在0.5%以内,可知应用简化通道模型仿真能够保证计算精度。因此,在SCO₂径流式透平的仿真与应用过程中,研究人员要注重透平低速起动工况下的运行,以及叶顶间隙对这种小尺寸高转速透平机性能的影响。     

氧化聚丙烯腈纤维径向异质光学显微分析

为检测整束氧化聚丙烯腈纤维径向异质结构发育情况,迫切需要开发一种评价聚丙烯腈纤维是否均质氧化的检测方法。本文通过树脂包埋和研磨抛光制备用于光学分析的纤维试样,应用光学显微方法对比分析了两种类型氧化聚丙烯腈纤维径向异质结构演变过程,提出了氧化聚丙烯腈纤维径向异质结构演变模型。结果表明,TG300氧化聚丙烯腈纤维呈典型的径向异质结构,TG800氧化聚丙烯腈纤维径向异质结构不明显。随着氧化反应进行,纤维直径和碳含量逐渐降低,而氧含量逐渐上升。这说明光学显微分析可以用于氧化聚丙烯腈纤维是否均质氧化评价,可为得到均质氧化聚丙烯腈纤维提供分析检测手段。     

基于双通道距离频率干涉相位解运动目标径向速度模糊方法

针对合成孔径雷达/地面动目标检测系统中动目标径向速度估计存在模糊的问题,提出一种基于双通道距离频率干涉相位解模糊的方法。该方法通过构造干涉相位与距离频率的关系,利用干涉相位随距离频率变化的斜率关系实现径向速度无模糊估计。该斜率与相位缠绕无关,所以所提方法具有不受相位缠绕影响的优点。为了减小噪声对径向速度估计的影响,利用最小二乘线性拟合方法估计该斜率。此方法能实现杂波背景和多目标情况下的应用。通过仿真和实测数据处理验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于径向加速度精估计的PSO单星无源定位

针对传统单星无源定位方法定位精度较低的问题,文中提出一种基于径向加速度精估计的单星无源定位方法来实现单星对地球表面静止宽带信号辐射源定位。在通过测量脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival, TOA)获得径向加速度精估计的算法基础上,采用粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO)算法进行目标位置搜索,提高了定位精度,同时降低了计算量。分析并仿真了该方法定位误差与卫星状态参数、观测时长以及辐射源信号带宽、重频、持续时长等参数的关系。理论和仿真分析表明,该方法实现简单,计算量小,适用范围广,定位精度高。