The propagation features of LF radio waves at topside ionosphere and their variations possibly related to Wenchuan earthquake in 2008

The artificial low frequency (LF) signals recorded at topside ionosphere from DEMETER satellite were analyzed in this paper, and the typical diurnal and seasonal variations were illustrated around 162?kHz in electric field spectra. The larger power spectrum density (PSD) values in electric field at local nighttime and in winter season all demonstrate the correlation feature of lower plasma content to higher penetration of LF waves into ionosphere. Around Wenchuan earthquake, the comparison of signal-noise-ratio (SNR) values in electric field with each half month during January to May in 2008 and the same half month in May from 2005 to 2007 revealed their lowest values and small covering area around the preparation region of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Combined with other researches in VLF radio waves and geochemical observations from satellite, the interaction of ion accumulation and upward movement from gas-water release at surface might be a key factor to disturb the ionospheric plasma density, and then possibly leading to the decrease of low energy penetration of LF radio waves from the artificial transmitted source at ground.     

Atmospheric pressure variations at extratropical latitudes associated with Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays

Changes of troposphere pressure associated with short-time variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) taking place in the Northern hemisphere’s cold months (October–March) were analyzed for the period 1980–2006, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data being used. Noticeable pressure variations during Forbush decreases of GCRs were revealed at extratropical latitudes of both hemispheres. The maxima of pressure increase were observed on the 3rd–4th days after the event onsets over Northern Europe and the European part of Russia in the Northern hemisphere, as well as on the 4th–5th days over the eastern part of the South Atlantic opposite Queen Maud Land and over the d’Urville Sea in the Southern Ocean. According to the weather chart analysis, the observed pressure growth, as a rule, results from the weakening of cyclones and intensification of anticyclone development in these areas. The presented results suggest that cosmic ray variations may influence the evolution of extratropical baric systems and play an important role in solar-terrestrial relationships.     

小孔节流动静压混合式浮动环密封承载与泄漏特性分析

为了解决传统浮动环密封存在的摩擦磨损问题,提出一种采用小孔节流的动静压混合式浮动环密封(HFRS)。核心是通过创新设计将密封介质从径向节流孔引入密封界面,使密封间隙内的流体膜同时具有静压和动压承载效应,显著提升浮动环密封承载性能而不需要外部条件。为了研究其承载和泄漏特性,建立了考虑入口压力损失和节流孔影响的HFRS承载力模型和泄漏量计算方法。采用有限差分法(FDM)及数值迭代程序计算流场压力分布,并分析获得转速、偏心率和密封介质压力对承载力、刚度、偏位角和泄漏量的影响规律。与传统直孔式浮动环密封(FRS)对比,在典型工况下（偏心率ε=0.5、转速Ω=20000r/min）,HFRS的承载力是FRS的2.53倍,且在低速甚至转速为零时HFRS仍具有较大的承载力,另一方面HFRS的泄漏量比FRS大5.4%。与FRS对比结果表明,HFRS的承载力显著提升,而泄漏量略有增大。     

基于大涡模拟的离心式喷嘴雾化过程研究

为实现离心式喷嘴雾化过程的精确数值仿真,探究喷嘴内部流动特性与外部液膜破碎形式,采用基于大涡模拟的仿真方法,对一种典型的四进口离心式喷嘴进行研究,仿真结果揭示了喷嘴内部相界面的振荡现象与外部液膜的破碎细节,并通过耦合流体体积法（VOF）与离散相模型（DPM）,获得液滴粒径的空间分布特征。研究结果表明：在液体填充过程中,喷嘴内的气液相界面存在波动与褶皱,形状并不稳定,内部的空气芯直径呈现正弦模式的振荡变化,喷嘴出口液膜厚度沿周向分布不均,这些因素导致出口附近的液膜表面出现扰动。在不同的进口条件下,不稳定性导致液膜表面上的扰动波形式不同。进口压力为0.3MPa时,液膜破碎由开尔文-亥姆霍兹（K-H）不稳定性产生的轴向正弦波所导致,产生沿周向分布的环形液带;在0.7MPa下,液膜表面开始出现由瑞利-泰勒（R-T）不稳定性引发的周向扰动波;随着压力增加至1.1MPa,液膜的破碎则由R-T不稳定性主导,产生沿轴向分布的液带结构,随后在气动力与表面张力的作用下破碎成液滴。二次雾化破碎后,喷嘴外部截面内的粒径呈“单谷”分布,液滴平均粒径计算结果与实验的最大相对误差为5.1%,与实验数据吻合度较高。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

一种具有高抗干扰能力测温信号隔离变送器的设计与实现

针对工作环境中一些通讯工具产生较强干扰信号的问题,设计并研制了一种测温信号隔离变送器,该变送器使用差分及隔离放大电路,能够有效抑制干扰信号。测试结果表明,该变送器测量精度高,对干扰信号有较强的抑制能力,具较好的工程应用价值。     

流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环模糊控制算法

为了改进流量可调燃气发生器的调节精度,引入燃气发生器压力闭环控制,针对流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环控制特点,在压力闭环中引入了模糊积分控制,此控制算法响应速度快,超调量较小,不同工况及长时间工作下系统仍然有较好的动态特性.     

基于CATIA的Formulas功能实现二次曲线的G2连续

首先简要概述了物面压力分布与物面外形之间的关系,进而介绍了飞机外形设计中经常用到的一类曲线-二次曲线,并推导出二次曲线G2连续的条件和公式,最后介绍了在CATIA中运用Formulas功能实现二次曲线G2连续的方法,并以实例将该方法应用到飞机外形设计中。     

Seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria

The seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria was studied using two years in-situ meteorological data from eight locations over Nigeria. The result shows that the surface refractivity generally has higher value during rainy season than dry season at all location studied. The results also show that the value of surface refractivity increases from arid region in the north to the coastal area in south. The results also show that local meteorology plays a very important role in refractivity variation.     

载人飞船回收着陆半实物仿真系统关键技术研究

载人飞船回收着陆半实物仿真系统是通过模拟飞船返回压力环境,将回收程控装置硬件实物接入仿真回路的一个半实物仿真试验平台。文章简要介绍了该半实物仿真系统的结构,重点叙述了该半实物仿真系统中特有的负压高精度快速调节压力模拟、多通路指令信号处理、混合式网络、多阶段动力学仿真框架等关键技术。