双星定姿技术试验研究

本文深入探讨了双星定姿方法,仅利用2颗GPS卫星进行了实际的双星定姿试验.文中综合应用长短基线法和序列优化法求解整周模糊度.试验结果表明,当基线长约1m时,该方法定姿成功率达90%以上,定姿均方差优于0.5°      

基于分布式伪卫星的双星定位系统定位方法研究

在分析基于伪卫星技术的双星定位系统研究存在的问题的基础上,提出了一种基于分布式伪卫星的双星定位系统改进定位策略。该策略充分利用双星定位系统的现有资源,将地面标校站改组为分布式伪卫星站,在不改变双星定位系统现有工作体制的基础上,通过融合双星定位系统所有信息进行单点定位。仿真计算结果表明,该改进策略能使低纬度地区定位精度提高近3倍,达到20~60m,且其无源定位方式能够有效解决用户容量限制和隐蔽性、抗毁性较差等问题。     

INS/SAR组合定位技术研究

主要研究了INS/SAR组合对运动目标的定位算法。首先,建立了INS/SAR组合定位系统数学模型;其次,基于卡尔曼滤波方法和alpha-beta滤波方法完成了INS/SAR组合定位算法设计;最后,考虑组合导航系统误差及导引头测量误差,对定位算法进行了数字仿真及性能分析。仿真结果表明,所设计的INS/SAR组合定位算法在远距对运动目标具有较高的定位精度。     

脉冲星导航中最优脉冲星组合选取方法

分析了X射线脉冲星导航原理,发现脉冲星的位置和脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)的测量误差直接影响导航精度.为优选导航脉冲星组合,在误差协方差分析的基础上,提出了一种导航脉冲星组合优选方法.该方法分别定义了优选指标位置精度因子(Positioning Dilution of Precision,PDOP)和脉冲星优选指标(Pulsars Select Criteria,PSC),不仅考虑了脉冲星空间位置分布,还考虑了测量噪声差异对导航误差的影响.最后以25颗信号品质较好的脉冲星为例,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现

GPS接收机载波相位测量的精度优于码相位测量,但却存在整周模糊度。利用码和载波相位测量的组合可以提高伪距的精度,进而改善接收机的定位性能。研究GPS软件接收机中载波相位测量的实现方法。通过处理实际采集的信号,分析码和载波相位测量组合方法的性能。实验结果表明,通过50 s的平滑,伪距误差可以减小到毫米量级。     

THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CHINA

Satellite positioning technology has been widely used in all kinds of military and civil land, marine, space and aeronautical target positioning tasks, naviga tion activities and accurate surveying measurements since 90 s in the last cen tury due to its advantage in providing all-weather, real-time, three dimensional and high precision positioning information, as well as speed and accurate timing information. By now, it has already formed a new hi-tech industry basically.This paper briefly reviews the development of the global satellite positioning and navigation technologies including the basic information of China's "Plough navigation system", introduces the history of satellite positioning technology and its major application fields as well as the status quo of this being industri alized trade in China, gives an account of the writers' vision for the application and prospect of the satellite positioning technologies in China, and approaches the tactics and stresses of the satellite positioning technology's application and its industrialization future in China.     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.     

Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) and comparison with IRI model during descending phase of solar activity (2005–2009)

The ionospheric variability at equatorial and low latitude region is known to be extreme as compared to mid latitude region. In this study the ionospheric total electron content (TEC), is derived by analyzing dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data recorded at two stations separated by 325 km near the Indian equatorial anomaly region, Varanasi (Geog latitude 25°, 16^/ N, longitude 82°, 59^/ E, Geomagnetic latitude 16°, 08^/ N) and Kanpur (Geog latitude 26°, 18^/ N, longitude 80°, 12^/ E, Geomagnetic latitude 17°, 18^/ N). Specifically, we studied monthly, seasonal and annual variations as well as solar and geomagnetic effects on the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) during the descending phase of solar activity from 2005 to 2009. It is found that the maximum TEC (EIA) near equatorial anomaly crest yield their maximum values during the equinox months and their minimum values during the summer. Using monthly averaged peak magnitude of TEC, a clear semi-annual variation is seen with two maxima occurring in both spring and autumn. Results also showed the presence of winter anomaly or seasonal anomaly in the EIA crest throughout the period 2005–2009 only except during the deep solar minimum year 2007–2008. The correlation analysis indicate that the variation of EIA crest is more affected by solar activity compared to geomagnetic activity with maximum dependence on the solar EUV flux, which is attributed to direct link of EUV flux on the formation of ionosphere and main agent of the ionization. The statistical mean occurrence of EIA crest in TEC during the year from 2005 to 2009 is found to around 12:54 LT hour and at 21.12° N geographic latitude. The crest of EIA shifts towards lower latitudes and the rate of shift of the crest latitude during this period is found to be 0.87° N/per year. The comparison between IRI models with observation during this period has been made and comparison is poor with increasing solar activity with maximum difference during the year 2005.     

基于WiFi指纹库的室内定位研究进展和展望

首先简要说明了室内定位技术中WiFi定位的优势;然后通过梳理WiFi指纹库的室内定位相关技术研究,简要阐述了WiFi信号的相关特性,并以实验作为佐证,重点介绍了信号传播模型、指纹库构建方法、指纹信号匹配准则和不同手机对WiFi信号敏感差异的标校等相关技术进展;最后,简要介绍了WiFi室内定位技术的未来发展趋势。     

基于萤火虫算法的磁信标自主定位方法

传统定位和跟踪应用(如雷达和GPS等)受天气、地域的限制,无法适应室内、地下、水下等应用场合,对此研究了一种低频磁信标定位方法,可穿透土壤、岩石、海水、建筑物和许多其他类型的介质,不受恶劣的天气条件或昼夜变化的直接影响,在许多室内和室外环境中应用十分方便。针对传统磁信标定位存在的问题,分析了分离式磁信标定位的原理,给出了萤火虫算法在磁信标定位中的数学模型,提出了一种基于萤火虫算法的磁信标自主定位方法,该方法适应性更强,更易于工程实现,最后通过仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性。