基于双谱相位算法的无人机图像定位研究

由于传统的定位方法都有不同程度的缺陷,如GPS导航或者捷联惯导,所以借助图像匹配技术实现无人机导航定位具有重要研究意义。双谱中只提取相位信息,形成基于相位谱的算法,能很好地抑制不均匀的光照度变化等。首先以对数-极坐标方式进行相位谱的采样处理,然后由相位相关算法获取尺寸和旋转校正值。校正之后,再由相位相关算法进行2幅图像之间的平移配准。仿真结果验证了该算法不仅有很高的配准精度,而且有很强的稳健性。     

基于手眼视觉的测量与定位方法的研究与实现

机器视觉对机器人克服工作环境中的不确定性具有重要意义。针对空间遥操作机器人面对的是危险不确定环境，文中提出一种基于手眼视觉的测量与定位方法，可为判断示知目标物体是否可抓持以及进行抓持规划提供有效依据。在重复定位的任务中，该方法可以利用目标物质的先验信息快速定位从而避免频繁移动手臂。文章首先给出了该方法的原理，然后通过实验实现了此方法，并对误差进行了分析，实验结果表明了该方法具有较高的精度。     

干涉仪测量数据联合定位的方法

提出了干涉仪测量系统的六通道测量数据联合定位的处理思想，并提供了具体的计算处理方法。该新方法是将测速数据与定位数据联合确定运载火箭的位置坐标，进而可计算其速度、加速度等其它弹道参数，这无疑会提高测量数据的利用率和改进弹道计算结果的精度。     

北斗和CAPS系统中采用高程作为虚拟星座对授时精度的影响分析

在北斗和CAPS导航系统中利用高程作为虚拟星座可显著提高无源定位的精度。在授时应用中无源定位的结果用来计算卫星与用户的距离从而得到信号传输延迟。本文分析了高程误差对授时精度的影响。设定了高程误差,列出了定位方程;采用牛顿迭代法对方程进行了求解。方程的解表明高程误差主要影响定位结果的Z坐标值,而对授时敏感的距离值影响较小。因此高程误差导致的授时误差要小于定位误差。对5个中国城市的仿真结果表明在这些区域100m高程误差引起的授时误差要小于1μs。因此可以采用概略高程取代需要昂贵测试设备的精确高程。概略高程可以满足μs级授时精度的需求,从而满足电力和电信系统大部分场合对时间同步的需求。     

Precision analysis of troposphere sensing using GPS single-frequency signals

Various studies have been performed to investigate the accuracy of troposphere zenith wet delays (ZWDs) determined from GPS. Most of these studies use dual-frequency GPS data of large-scale networks with long baselines to determine the absolute ZWDs. For small-scale networks the estimability of the absolute ZWDs deteriorates due to high correlation between the solutions of the ZWDs and satellite-specific parameters as satellite clocks. However, as relative ZWDs (rZWDs) can always be estimated, irrespective of the size of the network, it is of interest to understand how the large-scale network rZWD-performance of dual-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-float model compares to the small-scale network rZWD-performance of single-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-weighted model. In this contribution such an analysis is performed using undifferenced and uncombined network parametrization modelling. In this context we demonstrate the ionosphere weighted constraints, which allows the determination of the rZWDs independent from signals on the second frequency. Based on an analysis of both simulated and real data, it is found that under quiet ionosphere conditions, the accuracy of the single-frequency determined rZWDs in the ionosphere-weighted network is comparable to that of the large-scale dual-frequency network without ionospheric constraints. Making use of the real data from two baselines of 15?days, it was found that the absolute differences of the rZWDs applying the two strategies are within 1?cm in over 90% and 95% of the time for ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, respectively.     

Characterization of GPS-TEC over African equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region during 2009–2016

This study characterizes total electron content (TEC) measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) over African equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region for 2009–2016 period during both quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp?≤?1) and normal conditions (1?>?Kp?≤?4). GPS-TEC data from four equatorial/low-latitude stations, namely, Addis Ababa (ADIS: 9.04°N, 38.77°E, mag. lat: 0.2°N) [Ethiopia]; Yamoussoukro (YKRO: 6.87°N, 5.24°W, mag. lat: 2.6°S) [Ivory Coast]; Malindi (MAL2; 3.00°S, 40.19°E, mag. lat: 12.4°S) [Kenya] and Libreville (NKLG; 0.35°N, 9.67°W, mag. lat: 13.5°S) [Gabon] were used for this study. Interesting features like noontime TEC bite-out, winter anomaly during the ascending and maximum phases of solar cycle 24, diurnal and seasonal variations with solar activity have been observed and investigated in this study. The day-to-day variations exhibited ionospheric TEC asymmetry on an annual scale. TEC observed at equatorial stations (EIA-trough) and EIA-crest reach maximum values between ～1300–1600 LT and ～1300–1600 LT, respectively. About 76% of the high TEC values were recorded in equinoctial months while the June solstice predominantly exhibited low TEC values. Yearly, the estimated TEC values increases or decreases with solar activity, with 2014 having the highest TEC value. Solar activity dependence of TEC within the EIA zone reveals that both F10.7?cm index and EUV flux (24–36?nm) gives a stronger correlation with TEC than Sunspot Number (SSN). A slightly higher degree of dependence is on EUV flux with the mean highest correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.70, 0.83, 0.82 and 0.88 for quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp?≤?1) at stations ADIS, MAL2, NKLG, and YKRO, respectively. The correlation results for the entire period consequently reveals that SSN and solar flux F10.7?cm index might not be an ideal index as a proxy for EUV flux as well as to measure the variability of TEC strength within the EIA zone. The estimated TEC along the EIA crest (MAL2 and NKLG) exhibited double-hump maximum, as well as post-sunset peaks (night time enhancement of TEC) between ～2100 and 2300 LT. EIA formation was prominent during evening/post-noon hours.     

Landslide monitoring by combining of CR-InSAR and GPS techniques

Considering the limitations related to the landslide monitoring by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, the method of integration of Globe Positioning System (GPS) with Corner Reflector Interferometric SAR (CR-InSAR) techniques is proposed in this paper. Firstly, deformation in radar line-of-slight (LOS) direction is optimized by introducing the GPS-measured height and atmospheric delay products into the CR-InSAR model. Then, GPS-measured horizontal deformation and CR-InSAR measured LOS deformation are combined to produce the more accurate vertical deformation. Finally, high precision three-dimensional deformation (N, E, U) is projected to the along-slope direction to monitor the actual movement of landslide. In order to test this method, four X-band stripmap-mode TerraSAR images, eight Trihedral Corner Reflectors (TCR) data and eight GPS observed data are collected to monitor the deformation of three potential landslide fields located at the north of Shaanxi province, China. The detailed analysis demonstrates that the estimated precision of along-slope direction is about two times better for proposed method (±1.1 mm) versus GPS (±2.1 mm) in this case. Meanwhile, our result indicates that almost all of the monitoring points present the trends of sliding down along the slope at the different levels from April 9 2011 to August 30 2011, showing the certain instability. Further investigation of the relationship between the magnitudes of displacement at CR points and the implementation of early control reflects the rationality of our result. Our proposed method could provide of the strong support in the high precision landslide deformation monitoring.     

瓜瓣模上定位销孔的改进加工工艺

针对瓜瓣阳模上定位销孔加工的找正误差大、实物与数模不一致、加工成本高的难题,通过改进找正方法,粗、精找正结合,并利用3D寻边器进行程序验证的思路,实现了理论数模和实物的精确对齐、找正。在此基础上通过椭球参数方程的坐标转换,实现了在3轴机床上对椭球面上法向和轴向定位销孔的加工。结果表明,采用改进后的加工方法,孔的位置精度达到Φ0.1 mm,加工成本降低75%,可在工程应用中加以推广。     

室内定位关键技术综述

近年来,位置服务需求不断增长,催生了定位技术的不断发展。针对室内定位,首先介绍了目前广泛应用的几种室内定位系统及其定位原理,并分析了它们的优缺点。然后,针对室内定位中常见的几类关键问题,做出了介绍分析。最后,通过分析现有定位技术,给出了室内定位技术的发展趋势,表明融合定位及导航通信一体化定位是提高定位精度及鲁棒性的有效方法,毫米波及MIMO技术的应用可有效提高测距精度并提高抗多径能力。     

利用GPS实现高轨卫星定位的抗远近效应算法

针对GPS应用于高轨卫星定位面临的远近效应问题, 提出利用正交相关的联合极大似然估计算法来对GPS信号进行二维搜索, 可以得到正确的码延时及多普勒估计. 极大似然估计算法首先利用滑行相关法对仿真信号中的强信号进行搜索, 得到强信号模型, 然后利用正交相关去掉强信号, 最终实现对弱信号的正确捕获. 本文对高轨卫星接收到的GPS信号进行了功率分析, 并建立了信号模型, 进行了算法仿真. 结果表明, 这种估计算法能够提高二维搜索性能, 有效解决远近效应问题.