Characterization of the cataloged Fengyun-1C fragments and their long-term effect on the LEO environment

The intentional breakup of Fengyun-1C on 11 January 2007 created the most severe orbital debris cloud in history. The altitude where the event occurred was probably the worst location for a major breakup in the low Earth orbit (LEO) region, since it was already highly populated with operational satellites and debris generated from previous breakups. The addition of so many fragments not only poses a realistic threat to operational satellites in the region, but also increases the instability (i.e., collision cascade effect) of the debris population there.     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio debris released into GPS orbits

A large set of simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, was carried out to investigate the long-term dynamical evolution of fictitious high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) objects released, with a negligible velocity variation, in each of the six orbital planes used by Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. As with similar objects discovered in near synchronous trajectories, long lifetime orbits, with mean motions of about 2 revolutions per day, were found possible for debris characterized by extremely high area-to-mass ratios. Often the lifetime exceeds 100 years up to A/M ∼ 45 m²/kg, decreasing rapidly to a few months above such a threshold. However, the details of the evolution, which are conditioned by the complex interplay of solar radiation pressure and geopotential plus luni-solar resonances, depend on the initial conditions. Different behaviors are thus possible. In any case, objects like those discovered in synchronous orbits, with A/M as high as 20–40 m²/kg, could also survive in this orbital regime, with semi-major axes close to the semi-synchronous values, with maximum eccentricities between 0.3 and 0.7, and with significant orbit pole precessions (faster and wider for increasing values of A/M), leading to inclinations between 30° and more than 90°.     

反舰导弹末端机动的突防效果研究

利用共轭系统和拉氏变换技术,重点研究了反舰导弹的螺旋机动和摆式机动的突防效果。螺旋机动和摆式机动的加速度可以用纵向和航向平面内的加速度分量来表示。在平面内分析机动加速度引起的稳态脱靶量得到了简单的脱靶量解析解。利用该解析解,分析了机动持续时间对稳态脱靶量的影响。将纵向和航向平面内的稳态脱靶量综合起来得到了螺旋机动或者摆式机动所引起的稳态脱靶量。仿真结果表明这两种非平面机动方式比平面机动方式具有更好的突防效果。     

TVC/PSM飞机的过失速动态边界及敏捷性分析

以飞机为质点，考虑在最少输入数据情况下，曲于转弯速率图并从能量的角度计算和分析了TVC/PSM飞机的过失速动态边界，选取敏捷性尺度空战周期时间和指向裕度，对比分析了TVC/PSM飞机和传统飞机的敏捷性，得出了一些有益的结论，并提出了一些建议。     

非常规机动操纵要求的计算

首先推导了飞机运动的逆动力学模型，为使问题具有一般性，采用了刚体运动模型，其中力方程建立在风轴系中，力矩方程建立在体轴系中，并且已知气动力模型，其次，由于飞行轨变地标位置（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）的形式给出，因此构造了一种基于坐标位置的算法，当给定坐标值后，即可据此对逆问题进行求解并得出相应的操纵要求，最后以一种非常规机动动作为例进行了逆仿真，得出了操纵要求。     

基于空间两点的视觉自主着陆导引算法设计

为提高无人机着陆效率,从着陆速度向量场和导引律设计两方面研究改进。首先,基于椭圆设计速度向量场,实现飞行路程更短、机动性能要求更低的着陆轨迹。然后,基于像素坐标系与机体坐标系的关系,设计无人机的航迹方位角指令;以椭圆切线方向为参考,结合合作矢量特征,设计航迹倾斜角指令;利用图像信息,设计速度大小指令。最后,理论比较了传统轨迹与提出轨迹对方向机动性性能的要求,给出了轨迹参数与无人机方向机动性性能的关系。利用Simulink搭建系统仿真平台,计算满足要求的合作矢量特征。结果表明,无人机以曲线轨迹准确软着陆到目标,满足实际运用的需要。      

虚拟多触角探测的高超声速滑翔飞行器再入机动制导

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入过程中面对的多约束问题，提出一种基于虚拟多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略。该机动制导策略通过飞行器最大转弯轨迹计算速度-剩余地面距离-航向角约束，在分段定点模式中发出多条粗略预测触角，引用触角末端反馈的信息计算优先级以确定临时路航点；同时在机动制导模式中发出精细探测触角，计算触角末端信息优先级，经倾侧角延时滤波器得出控制指令，对飞行器进行机动制导。基于多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略，降低了三触角机动制导方法中的计算时间；同时，4种典型禁飞区条件下的仿真结果表明，该策略能够有效稳定地解决机动制导过程中的多约束问题。     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

Thrusting maneuver control of a small spacecraft via only gimbaled-thruster scheme

The thrust vector control (TVC) scheme is a powerful method in spacecraft attitude control. Since the control of a small spacecraft is being studied here, a solid rocket motor (SRM) should be used instead of a liquid propellant motor. Among the TVC methods, gimbaled-TVC as an efficient method is employed in this paper. The spacecraft structure is composed of a body and a gimbaled-SRM where common attitude control systems such as reaction control system (RCS) and spin-stabilization are not presented. A nonlinear two-body model is considered for the characterization of the gimbaled-thruster spacecraft where, the only control input is provided by a gimbal actuator. The attitude of the spacecraft is affected by a large exogenous disturbance torque which is generated by a thrust vector misalignment from the center of mass (C.M). A linear control law is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude while rejecting the mentioned disturbance torque. A semi-analytical formulation of the region of attraction (RoA) is developed to ensure the local stability and fast convergence of the nonlinear closed-loop system. Simulation results of the 3D maneuvers are included to show the applicability of this method for use in a small spacecraft.     

小卫星围绕空间站飞行动力学和控制研究

研究微小卫星围绕空间站飞行, 监视空间站运行和外观状态, 减少航天员舱外活动。这是小卫星一种新的应用概念。文章主要研究绕飞轨道动力学和稳定性, 以及在有摄动情况下保持绕飞轨道的控制策略。这种控制策略所消耗燃料非常少, 根据仿真实验结果, 绕飞卫星飞行一个月消耗的燃料可产生速度增量约为３～４ｍ ／ｓ。