Impact of covariance information of kinematic positions on orbit reconstruction and gravity field recovery

Gravity missions are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD) and for the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. As positions of low Earth orbiters (LEOs) may be determined from GPS measurements at each observation epoch by geometric means only, it is attractive to derive such kinematic positions in a first step and to use them in a second step as pseudo-observations for gravity field determination. The drawback of not directly using the original GPS measurements is, however, that kinematic positions are correlated due to the ambiguities in the GPS carrier phase observations, which in principle requires covariance information be taken into account. We use GRACE data to show that dynamic or reduced-dynamic orbit parameters are not optimally reconstructed from kinematic positions when only taking epoch-wise covariance information into account, but that essentially the same orbit quality can be achieved as when directly using the GPS measurements, if correlations in time are taken into account over sufficiently long intervals. For orbit reconstruction covariances have to be considered up to one revolution period to avoid ambiguity-induced variations of kinematic positions being erroneously interpreted as orbital variations. For gravity field recovery the advantage is, however, not very pronounced.     

原子氧和石墨在近地轨道环境中反应概率的数值估算

本文提出估算近地轨道环境中原子氧对高度规则材料的反应概率的分子动力学模型。该模型通过对所导出的随机微分方程组的数值求解估算出原子氧与材料表面相互作用的经典轨迹系统，并根据所提出的反应性与非反应性碰撞准则估算出相互作用的反应概率。作为算例，本文给出了原子戌石墨材料表面的反应概率数值计算并与航天飞机ＳＴＳ－４６所测出的实际反应概率进行了对比，表明所建立的模型在一定程度上中可靠的。     

基于分布式深度学习的多星计算卸载策略

在边缘计算增强的低轨卫星网络场景下,低轨卫星集群协同处理地面任务能有效降低用户响应时延。对卫星集群的联合卸载决策和资源分配优化问题进行研究,将其描述为一个混合整数规划问题,并采用了一种基于分布式深度学习算法的卫星边缘计算卸载算法（deep learning based offloading algorithm,DLOA）。该算法使用多个并行DNN用于生成卸载决策并采用经验回放存储新生成的卸载决策,当采用隐藏层结构不同的DNN,收敛速度比同构DNN提升18%,收敛值与最优值的比值基本为1,可以认为已收敛至最优。此外,探讨了DNN的数量对所使用的算法的影响,仿真结果表明采用少量DNN就可以获得近优的收敛效果。通过对不同任务规模下采用不同算法的任务完成率进行研究,结果表明DLOA算法可通过采用异构DNN和优化资源分配方案显著提升完成率,其较单星运算方案任务完成率提升1倍,较二进制粒子群算法方案提升20%。     

低轨星载粒子探测器布局优化研究

基于卫星工具包(STK)、MATLAB软件和国际地磁参考场(IGRF)模型,对粒子探测器在低轨卫星任务中的投掷角测量范围进行了仿真,并给出了其探测器的星上布局优化方法。研究结果表明:粒子探测器的星上布局选择与任务的探测目标相关。如果探测目标是束缚在磁场中作弹跳运动的粒子,应将探测器在朝向卫星轨道坐标系±Y轴的基础上向卫星的前进方向偏转;如果探测目标是处于损失锥中的沉降粒子,应将探测器在朝向卫星轨道坐标系-Y轴的基础上向天顶方向偏转;为实现全投掷角探测范围的探测,要使用多个探测器通过构型布局优化进行联合探测。文章提出的投掷角测量范围分析与优化方法,可推广到多种轨道高度的粒子探测卫星总体设计中,为提升卫星的总体分析设计水平提供支持。     

一种GEO/LEO双层卫星网络路由算法及仿真研究

时间虚拟化策略的时间片过短将影响路由性能,提出一种基于GEO/LEO双层卫星网络的时间虚拟化和分层管理的路由算法（VLRA）,对时间虚拟化策略进行合理改进,通过新的分层管理思想,在每个时间片开始进行路由计算和更新。分析和仿真验证表明,改进的时间虚拟化策略得到的时间片更合理,利于网络的路由和通信。GEO/LEO双层卫星网络下VLRA算法时延稳定,并具有较好的丢包率和吞吐量性能。     

路由算法在LEO通信星座构型优化中的应用

低轨(LEO,Low Earth Orbit)通信星座的特殊功能决定了其构型优化需要综合考虑成本、覆盖和路由性能等因素.以往的研究往往忽略了路由性能,导致优化得到的构型不能很好的满足要求.首先给出了两个意义明确的星座路由性能的评价指标,然后通过将它们作为目标函数进行仿真,验证了其优化必要性和评价有效性.最后利用多目标遗传算法实现了星座的构型优化.仿真结果显示,将路由算法加入到星座的构型优化中,在仅对星座构型参数进行微调的前提下,不仅满足了成本、覆盖等基本要求,而且星座的路由性能大大提高.     

LEO卫星电源系统拓扑研究

基于30个近地轨道（LEO）卫星任务及其电源系统应用情况,在系统层面上对5种电源系统拓扑进行了分析比较,包括配置方式、控制原理、效率及器件等。针对功率调节性能和器件组成规模,选择配有最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的升一降压调节器（B2R）作为多适用的电源系统拓扑。此系统适应LEO卫星需求,属于拓扑用途广泛的电源系统,可通过合理配置热备份的功率调节模块来实现功率组合及可靠性设计,具有较高的兼容性,能够满足中国LEO卫星任务需求。     

低轨卫星多普勒频移特性的快速计算

地面站利用低轨卫星进行通信时,地面接收站接收信号存在明显的多普勒频移现象。为描述多普勒频移特性,首先分析卫星轨道偏心率对多普勒特性曲线的影响,分析表明：轨道偏心率越大,地面站接收信号多普勒变化率越大。其次,推导了卫星多普勒频移的计算表达式,并讨论了低轨卫星多普勒频移特性曲线的快速计算。仿真计算结果表明,该算法可以很好地描述任意低轨道卫星多普勒频移特性,并明显缩短了精确算法的计算时间,对于10 000km轨道高度卫星,算法置信度可达99%以上。     

LEO卫星通信网络的移动性管理

近年来,低轨道LowEarthOrbit,LEO）卫星通信网络以全球覆盖、低传输时延、低功耗链路、较强的抗毁性等特点而受到广泛关注,是未来全球移动通信系统的重要组成部分。移动性管理是构建LEO卫星通信网络的关键技术,为推动移动性管理问题的研究,文章从LEO卫星通信网络的结构和特点入手,阐述了LEO卫星通信网络中移动性管理的分类,并分析了其相比地面移动无线网络的特殊性。从链路层、网络层、传输层三个协议层次综述了近年来LEO卫星通信网络移动性管理研究的国内外现状,重点介绍了移动IPv6（MobileIPv6,MIPv6）和无缝IP分集通用移动性结构（SeamlessIP-diversitybasedGeneralizedMobilityArchitecture,SIGMA）在LEO卫星通信网络中的应用。最后,指出了移动性管理的发展趋势。     

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.