利用能量/动量飞轮的偏置动量姿态控制系统

研究偏置动量姿态控制系统中的集成能量与姿态控制问题。利用一对正 反转飞轮提供偏置角动量并同时储 /放能以满足星载设备的能源需求。滚动 /偏航运动由俯仰轴磁矩控制。设计了力矩形式的飞轮的控制律 ,使之提供期望的俯仰控制力矩 ,并以给定的功率储 /放能。保持两只飞轮正 反转可以完全避免飞轮控制律中的系统奇异。提出了利用动能反馈的飞轮储能功率规划方案 ,以使系统维持能量平衡 ,避免由于能量过剩引起的飞轮饱和。飞轮的最小转动惯量受最大偏置角动量和最小能量的限制 ,结合几何方法对这种限制条件进行了分析。数值仿真结果证明了控制方案的有效性。     

BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定实现及精度评估

精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定(AR)能够显著提升精密定位的收敛速度和精度。通过在BDS-2和BDS-3之间添加系统间偏差的方法实现BDS-3的模糊度固定,并基于全球MGEX测站静态、仿动态数据和车载实验数据全面评估了BDS-3模糊度固定的效果。结果表明,相对于浮点解,BDS-3 PPP模糊度固定能够显著提升PPP的精度,在东北天3个方向上静态解算精度提升依次为37.4%、26.2%和20.1%;仿动态解算精度提升依次为38.3%、27.2%和11.1%;车载动态实验BDS-3模糊度固定精度在三维方向上综合提升为40.4%。此外,模糊度固定后,以浮点解稳定后的两倍定位精度为基准,在东北天方向上,静态定位时间提升程度依次为63.5%、64.0%和40.3%;仿动态定位时间提升程度依次为58.7%、56.8%和25.4%;车载实验在三维方向的收敛时间为30.0 min。以上结果证明了所提方法的有效性及BDS-3模糊度固定的性能提升。     

基于空间三轴激光陀螺的恒速偏频寻北技术

激光陀螺特有的闭锁效应使得其在应用中必须采取偏频去锁的方法,速率偏频技术可以有效降低激光陀螺随机游走误差,提高测量精度。基于空间三轴激光陀螺自身特有的三轴正交斜置特性,采用恒速偏频方法,通过建立新的系统误差方程,引入刻度系数误差状态量,采用卡尔曼滤波方法实现了系统的高精度寻北。这种初始对准方法对准速度快,对准精度也有较大提高,5min寻北精度能达到90″(3σ)。     

单片集成三轴微机电陀螺仪

为使陀螺仪进一步小型化、集成化,提出了一种新型单片集成三轴微机电陀螺仪,该陀螺仪采用单一MEMS结构芯片实现3个轴向角速度的测量.介绍了单片三轴陀螺仪工作方式、结构设计以及电路原理,完成了MEMS结构的流片加工,对陀螺仪表头和整机进行了测试,单片三轴微机电陀螺仪x轴、y轴和z轴零偏稳定性分别达到53.4(°)/h、70.8(°)/h和18.4(°)/h,非线性度分别为1.59×10-4、3.3×10-4和2.18×10-4.该陀螺仪具有三轴角速率检测效应,具有集成度高、体积小的优势,具有较强的应用潜力.     

一种弹性胶粘剂在石英加速度计中的应用

针对石英加速度计偏值问题,提出了摆片组粘接胶粘剂的选用原则,并应用有限元软件进行了仿真研究.分析结果表明,固化后弹性模量小的胶粘剂粘接面产生的应力较小,有利于提高石英加速度计偏值的稳定性.进一步对选用的弹性胶粘剂进行了强度检测,测试结果表明石英加速度计的偏值稳定性得到了明显改善.     

带加热偏流的声衬对热声不稳定性的控制方法

通过实验方法研究了热声不稳定性极其被动控制方法。搭建了水平放置的Rijke管热声不稳定性实验装置,采用电加热的热丝作为热源。实验中发现加热功率及加热丝前后空气的温度比对热声不稳定性的发声强度有着一定的影响。实验中尝试了采用背腔和穿孔板结构的声衬对热声不稳定性进行控制。其中背腔中可以通入偏流空气,且偏流空气的流量、温度均可以调节。实验发现:背腔中通入偏流空气可以增强对不稳定性的抑制效果,且随偏流速的增加,控制效果变好。此外,发现提高偏流空气的温度对提高声衬对热声不稳定性的控制效果作用不明显。      

地基雷达测量精度自鉴定技术

精度鉴定是保证雷达有效工作的重要保证,目前我国的雷达精度鉴定方法都是硬比方法,鉴定周期较长、协调工作量大。针对该问题,提出了一种通过跟踪一般低轨卫星实现地基雷达测量精度自鉴定的方法,设计了采用自鉴定方法校准雷达测元零值的技术方案,明确了数据处理流程,给出了关键数学模型。通过无噪声仿真验证证明了本文方法的正确性和有效性,通过有噪声仿真验证发现了测元随机误差与估计轨道参数间的相互影响和耦合效应,为后续工程应用和技术改进积累了经验。     

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.     

Evaluation of rapid phase clock/bias products for PPP ambiguity resolution and its application to the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest,California earthquake

Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) is a useful tool for high-precision geodetic and geophysical applications, while phase bias products are the prerequisite to implement PPP-AR. Wuhan University has been providing the final (the best operationally post-processing solution based) phase clock/bias products with a latency of two weeks since March of 2019, while a dedicated open-source software package PRIDE PPP-AR is released to leverage these products for high-precision positioning. In order to satisfy some both time and precision critical applications, such as rapid earthquake response, Wuhan University also released rapid (with comparable quality but with much shorter delivery latency) phase clock/bias products with a latency of less than 24 h and updated PRIDE PPP-AR in July 2019. We first introduce the phase clock/bias generation and validation schemes and the maintenance of routine products provision. Then, with 14 days (July 2 to July 15 in 2019) of GPS data collected from 146 globally distributed IGS (International GNSS Service) stations, we evaluated the positioning performance of the rapid products with respect to their final counterparts. It is found that positioning precision of PPP-AR using rapid products is comparable to that using final products, especially in kinematic positioning mode. When rapid products are used, the RMS of PPP-AR in static mode with respect to IGS weekly solutions can reach 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm and 5.5 mm in the east, north and up components, respectively. Furthermore, the RMS of epoch-wise positions with respect to daily solutions for the east, north and up components are 0.51 cm, 0.57 cm and 1.51 cm for PPP-AR with rapid products in kinematic mode. It demonstrates that the rapid phase clock/bias products can sufficiently meet the precision requirement of most geodetic and geophysical applications yet with much shorter time delay. Finally, we study the July 6th M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake using the rapid phase clock/bias products and demonstrate their comparable performance against the final products.     

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.