压电比例阀调节的氙气微推进系统流量特性仿真研究

基于压电比例阀驱动的氙气微推进系统是目前国际的发展趋势。压电比例阀作为该类型推进系统的核心组件,其性能将直接影响系统流量特性和推力。本文首先采用AMESim软件对某型氙气工作压力为0.3MPa的压电驱动氙气微推进系统进行建模,并对系统填充过程中的气瓶与减压阀工作特性进行分析。然后研究了不同减压阀反馈腔压力条件下的减压阀与压电比例阀的阀芯运动和氙气质量流量特性。最后,分析了压电比例阀驱动电压对开机过程中的压电比例阀阀针位移、氙气质量流量特性的影响规律。结果显示,压电比例阀阀针在通电后迅速开启,其最终的稳定升程为3.7μm。系统的氙气质量流量的稳定值为5.63mg/s。减压阀反馈腔内的氙气压力越大,压电比例阀开启后的氙气质量流量稳定值越大且响应时间越长。仿真结果表明,本次研究的氙气微推进系统可以通过改变驱动电压实现对氙气质量流量的线性调节,系统氙气质量流量可在较短时间内达到目标值。     

上面级直接入轨卫星的上升段温度控制及预示

为满足卫星在上升段持续时间长、外热流复杂、能源紧张等不利因素下的温度控制要求,需采取相应控温策略并进行预示。针对采用上面级"一箭双星"直接发射入轨的北斗三号中轨道导航卫星,进行了上升段期间的热分析并阐述了地面段和上升段的控温策略,通过仿真分析预示双星在上升段的温度变化,结合飞行数据,验证仿真分析的准确性以及控温策略的有效性,并获得星上各区域设备上升段的温度变化特性。结果表明:通过控制发射前整流罩内的初始温度以及采用延时指令开启相应区域固定功率加热器,上升段期间未开机设备均能保持缓慢的温度下降速率,所有星上设备温度均在要求的范围内。采取的控制策略对其他需保持较长时间低温储存状态的高轨航天器,以及深空探测器温控设计提供了一定参考。     

高低轨双星时频差无源定位精度

高低轨卫星联合定位是提高地面辐射源无源定位精度的有效方法。从时差基线、速度差增加方面分析了高低轨双星定位精度相对同轨卫星定位精度高的原因,推导出高低轨双星时频差定位误差分布表达式,分析了高低轨联合定位适用的时频差测量方法及其测量精度。仿真分析结果表明:在低轨卫星星下点附近较大范围内,定位精度达到百米量级。验证了双星相对位置变化、时频差测量误差、高低轨卫星自身位置速度测量误差等因素对高低轨双星定位精度的影响。     

Results About Ocean Satellite Observation

They have played more and more important roles in marine pollution monitoring, marine environment and marine disaster monitor and forecasting, marine resource investigation and marine scientific research. In this paper, the author will give a brief review of China's operational and scientific activities in satellites ocean observation during 2008 to 2010. These activities include the application of the HY-1B for red tide and green tide detecting and monitoring, sea ice monitoring, fishery resources assessment at coastal zone and ocean, marine water quality assessment, sea surface temperature monitoring and forecasting, ocean primary productivity and carbon cycle research, and the development in the ocean dynamic environment parameter application technology before launch of HY-2. The achievements we have made in the ocean observation and monitoring during the past 3 years indicate that, the development of the ocean satellite series and the application of the ocean satellite can greatly promote the development of China's three-dimensional marine observation system and earth-observation system from space, accordingly we can improve the ability of acquiring the marine environmental parameter to sustain the marine economy development and the sea defense construction.      

空间失效慢旋卫星视觉特征跟踪与位姿测量

空间碎片或者失效卫星往往绕其惯性主轴做自旋运动,虽然处于一种稳定状态,但是对其运动状态测量的难度相比三轴稳定目标而言又增加了许多,主要体现在复杂光场环境下和目标观测面周期性进出视场引起的特征点丢失、尺度变化和旋转变化,以及长时间连续观测引起的累积误差增大、位姿解算不收敛等难题。通过构建优化目标特征数据库,将传统测量方式中前后帧的匹配转变为当前帧与特征数据库的匹配和特征点的优化,即使中间过程帧出现了偏差仍然可以较好地跟踪后续图像帧的正确位置。在李代数空间下建立位姿向量微分扰动方程,获得测量值与估计值的残差目标函数,基于贝叶斯法则最大后验概率和李群与李代数的对指变换法则,求取位姿向量最优解。解决了李群空间下由于位姿变换矩阵不可加性而无法优化的问题,提高了连续测量过程中系统的测量精度。实验结果表明,无优化测量方法无法保证整个旋转周期的有效测量;通过增加位姿优化过程,连续稳定测量时间明显延长,针对以12（°）/s自旋运动的目标,测量稳定段误差在2°以内,旋转角速度测量误差为0.12（°）/s。     

基于类GPS技术的编队卫星相对参数测量研究

针对编队飞行小卫星间相对位置和相对姿态的测量,提出利用类GPS技术实现编队卫星间的自主测量,建立相应的测量模型来获得与相对位置和相对姿态相关的观测量。利用C-W方程和姿态运动学方程建立相应的状态方程,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波实现对编队卫星间相对参数的实时估计。MATLAB仿真结果表明,此方法能够获得很高的测量精度。     

基于对偶四元数的编队飞行卫星相对位姿描述

为统一描述编队飞行卫星中主从星的相对位置和姿态参数,利用对偶四元数,建立编队飞行卫星运动学模型,分析其物理意义,提出了基于对偶四元数的编队飞行卫星相对位姿描述的划船算法,并利用这一算法解算出相对位置和姿态参数,突破了传统方法中将卫星轨道和姿态分而治之的方式。仿真结果表明该算法科学合理,能够有效描述编队飞行卫星间的相对位置和姿态。     

FY-3 Meteorological Satellites and the Applications

FY-3 is the second generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite of China. The first satellite named FY-3A of this series was launched on 27 May 2008. The first operational satellite named FY-3C of this series was launched on 23 September, 2013. The new generation satellites are to provide three-dimensional, quantitative, multi-spectral global remote sensing data under all weather conditions, which will greatly help the operational numerical weather prediction, global climate change research, climate diagnostics and prediction, and natural disaster monitoring. They will also provide help for many other fields such as agriculture, forestry, oceanography and hydrology. With the abovementioned capability, the FY-3 satellites can make valuable contributions to improving weather forecasts, global natural-disaster and environmental monitoring.      

Design and performances of laser retro-reflector arrays for Beidou navigation satellites and SLR observations

Beidou is the regional satellite navigation system in China, consisting of three kinds of orbiting satellites, MEO, GEO and IGSO, with the orbital altitudes of 21500–36000 km. For improving the accuracy of satellites orbit determination, calibrating microwave measuring techniques and providing better navigation service, all Beidou satellites are equipped with laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) to implement high precision laser ranging. The paper presents the design of LRAs for Beidou navigation satellites and the method of inclined installation of LRAs for GEO satellites to increase the effective reflective areas for the regional ground stations. By using the SLR system, the observations for Beidou satellites demonstrated a precision of centimeters. The performances of these LRAs on Beidou satellites are very excellent.     

静止轨道卫星东西位置保持控制参数的优化方法

为提高静止轨道卫星东西位置保持的轨道控制精度,提出一种优化轨道控制参数和推进剂消耗量估算的方法.这种方法考虑卫星轨道机动期间其姿态控制喷气对卫星轨道的摄动力,据此对位置保持参数中的轨控推力器点火时间进行补偿,并根据所有推力器的喷气时间估算推进剂消耗量,以修正轨控策略,实现更加精准的轨道控制效果.以在轨运行的静止轨道卫星的多次向西位置保持的变轨参数优化过程为实例,验证本方法的有效性和正确性,可应用于后续静止轨道卫星东西位置的实际操作中.